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Full Description
Horticultural sector presents many opportunities for economic development and improving livelihood of growers but several factors constrain production and limit the potential for trade of fruits and vegetables. Tephritid fruit flies constitute a major constraint. They cause enormous losses through direct feeding damage and loss of market opportunities through imposition of quarantine restrictions by importing countries to prevent entry and their establishment. In Africa, several native (Ceratitis and Dacus spp) and exotic (Bactrocera and Zeugodacus spp.) species inflict considerable losses to horticulture causing losses ranging from 30-90%. Over the past 10 years of R&D, extensive information has been generated on bioecology and management of several native and exotic fruit flies in Africa. While several specific reviews have addressed various aspects of the biology, ecology and management of economically important tephritid fruit flies; coverage of African native species has beenlimited largely to Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata - which are not economically important species in many Africa countries. Indeed, no book exist that have explicitly addressed economically important African fruit flies and none of the various reviews, have specifically focused on the status of the bioecology, economic impact and management of exotic and native fruit flies - including several potentially invasive Dacus species attacking vegetables - in Africa. This book consolidates this status of knowledge and socio-economic impact of various intervention techniques that are currently being applied across Africa. The timing of the book is especially pertinent due to the changing fruit fly landscape in Africa - caused by arrivals of the highly destructive alien invasives (Bactrocera dorsalis, B. zonata, and B. latifrons) - and the priorities African countries have placed recently on export of fruits and vegetables to international markets. This is an important reference material for researchers, academics and students that are keen at improving horticulture and enhancing food and nutrition security in Africa and beyond.
Contents
1. Taxonomy and systematics of African fruit flies.- 2. Identification tools for African frugivorous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).- 3. Population genetics of African frugivorous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): current knowledge and future perspectives.- 4. Role of microsatellite markers in molecular population genetics of fruit flies with emphasis on the Bactrocera dorsalis invasion of Africa.- 5. Fruit fly species composition, distribution and host plants with emphasis on mango-infesting species.- 6. Fruit fly species composition, distribution and host plants with emphasis on vegetable-infesting species.- 7. Exotic invasive fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): in and out of Africa.- 8. Feeding and mating behaviour of African fruit flies.- 9. Chemical ecology of African tephritid fruit flies.- 10. Fruit fly nutrition, rearing and quality control.- 11. The ontological modelling of fruit fly control and management knowledge.- 12.- Detection and monitoring of fruit flies in Africa.- 13. Baiting and male annihilation techniques for fruit fly suppression in African.- 14. Waste brewer's yeast as an alternative source of protein for use as a bait in the management of tephritid fruit flies.- 15. Development and application of mycoinsecticides for the management of fruit flies in Africa.- 16. In and out of Africa: Parasitoids used for biological control of fruit flies.- 17. From behavioural studies to field application: improving biological control strategies by integrating laboratory results into field experiments.- 18. The use of weaver ants in the management of fruit flies in Africa.- 19. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for fruit fly control - The South African experience.- 20. Cold and heat treatment technologies for post-harvest control of fruit flies in Africa.-21. Photographs of some native and exotic fruit fly species in Africa and their parasitoids.- 22. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from Uganda.- 23. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from Tanzania.- 24. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from Mozambique.- 25. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from Nigeria.- 26. Release, establishment and spread of the natural enemy Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for control of the invasive oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin, West Africa.- 27. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from Ghana.- 28. Integrated management of fruit flies - case studies from the Indian Ocean Islands.- 29. Area-wide management of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.- 30. Management of fruit flies in Mexico.- 31. Overview of the programme to eradicate Bactrocera carambolae in South America.- 32. Systems approaches for managing the phytosanitary risk of trading in commodities that are hosts of fruit flies.- 33. Economic impact of integrated pest management strategies for the suppression of mango-infesting fruit fly species in Africa.- 34. Lessons learnt and future perspectives.
