基本説明
The cases presented in this book originate from one of the top worldwide stroke clinics - Charité, Berlin - and using imaging studies from all modalities as well as clinical information.
Full Description
Neurosonology is a first-line modality in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular disease and especially of stroke. In this new edition of Neurosonology and Neuroimaging of Stroke, this noninvasive, real-time imaging method has been given expanded coverage, particularly for its clinical utility. As in the first edition, the new edition offers both a clear overview of the principles of neurosonology and a casebook exploring critical cerebrovascular problems. Ultrasound anatomy, technical aspects of clinical application, and the advantages and limitations of ultrasound are reviewed and contrasted to conventional, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography angiography. Forty-five selected cases from the authors' extensive collections at Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and the Center of Neurology in Bad Segeberg, Germany, are then discussed. The patient histories and working diagnoses are followed by detailed assessments of the extra- and intracranial color-coded duplex sonographic findings and additional diagnostic procedures.The relevant clinical aspects are presented in a compact, comprehensible way, and for the majority of the cases videos are available in the Thieme MediaCenter, providing further in-depth understanding of the full potential of the method. Features: * Complete extra- and intracranial arterial and venous ultrasound examination* New techniques: ultrasound fusion imaging, ultrafast ultrasound, contrast application* More than 1,300 high-quality illustrations, including full-color duplex images* Fifteen newly selected cases on conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and dural fistula, as well as rare stroke causes including sickle cell disease and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome* Revision of many cases from the first edition* More than 60 new video clips (for a total of 130) available at the Thieme MediaCenter, bringing ultrasound anatomy and challenging cases to your monitor! Neurosonology and Neuroimaging of Stroke, Second Edition, offers neurologists, neuroradiologists, and all physicians treating patients with cerebrovascular disease an authoritative introduction and guide to this powerful diagnostic tool.
Contents
Table of Contents Foreword (Prof. Caplan) Foreword (Prof. Einhaupl) Introduction (Authors) Abbreviations A PRINCIPLES AND RULES 1 Flow dynamics and Ultrasound methods 1.1 Flow dynamics 1.2 Ultrasound methods 1.3 Ultrasound systems 2 Vascular anatomy and structure of ultrasound examination 2.1 General arterial anatomy 2.1.1 Extracranial arterial anatomy 2.1.2 Intracranial arterial anatomy 2.2 General structure of arterial ultrasound examination 2.3 Special arterial anatomy and ultrasound anatomy 2.3.1 Extracranial arteries 2.3.2 Intracranial Arteries 2.4 General venous anatomy 2.4.1 Intracranial venous anatomy 2.4.2 Extracranial venous anatomy 2.5 General structure of venous ultrasound examination 2.6. Special venous anatomy and ultrasound anatomy 2.6.1 Intracranial veins and sinuses 2.6.2 Extracranial veins 3 Intracranial hemodynamics and functional tests 3.1 Autoregulation 3.2 Neurovascular coupling 3.3 Metabolic coupling 3.4 Parameters of cerebral hemodynamics 4 Pathogenesis of stroke 4.1 Arterial ischemia 4.1.1 Pathophysiology 4.1.2 Classification of arterial stroke 4.2.1 Spontaneous microemboli 4.2.2 Microemboli in PFO detection 4.3 Venous ischemia 5 Vascular pathology 5.1 Vessel wall pathology 5.2 Stenoses and occlusions 5.2.1 Ultrasound criteria of stenoses 5.2.2 Ultrasound criteria of occlusions 5.3 Extracranial pathology 5.3.1 Extracranial anterior circulation 5.3.2 Extracranial posterior circulation 5.4 Intracranial pathology 5.4.1 Intracranial anterior circulation 5.4.2 Intracranial posterior circulation 5.5 Collateral pathways 5.5.1 Intracranial collateral pathways 5.5.2 Intracranial collateral pathways in ICA occlusive processes 5.5.3 Intracranial collateral pathways in VA occlusive processes 5.5.4 Extracranial collateral pathways 5.5.5 Clinical relevance of collateral pathways 6 Angiographic techniques in neuroradiology 6.1 DSA 6.2 MRA 6.3 CTA 6.4 Current algorithm at the Charite university hospital B CASE HISTORIES Neurosonological degree of difficulty: low Case 1: Extracranial proximal internal carotid artery stenosis Case 2: Free floating thrombus of the extracranial internal carotid artery Case 3: Common carotid artery occlusion Case 4: Temporal arteriovenous malformation Case 5: M1 middle cerebral artery stenosis Case 6: P2 posterior cerebral artery stenosis Case 7: Cerebral circulatory arrest Case 8: Bilateral intracranial V4 vertebral artery stenosis Case 9: Moyamoya disease with bilateral carotid-T stenosis Case 10: Thrombolysis of M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion Neurosonological degree of difficulty: medium Case 11: Secondary occlusion in internal carotid artery dissection Case 12: Bilateral proximal extracranial internal artery occlusion and high-grade V1 vertebral artery stenosis Case 13: Internal carotid artery stenosis in fibromuscular dysplasia and Wegener's granulomatosis Case 14: Isolated carotid siphon stenosis Case 15: Near occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery Case 16: Giant cell arteritis with bilateral V4 vertebral artery stenosis Case 17: Ascending middle cerebral artery occlusion Case 18: Bilateral internal carotid artery dissection Case 19: Vertebral artery dissection with distal occlusion Case 20: Internal carotid artery dissection with fast recanalization Neurosonological degree of difficulty: high Case 21: Midbasilar artery occlusion Case 22: M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion with prominent early temporal branch Case 23: Takayasu's arteritis with subclavian artery and vertebral artery stenoses Case 24: Dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery and contralateral M1 middle cerebral artery Case 25: Progressive M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion Case 26: Extracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm following basilar artery stenting Case 27: Diffuse cerebral angiomatosis Case 28: Subclavian steal phenomenon in subclavian artery and internal carotid artery occlusion Case 29: Cerebral venous thrombosis Case 30: Multilocular extra- and intracranial stenoses and occlusions References Index About the Authors
