Full Description
This book examines China's grassroots electoral experiments and their transformation into instruments of centralized political control. It provides the first comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of village, township, and consultative elections from the 1980s to the present.
Tracing the rise of "sea elections" and their gradual institutional containment, the book shows how limited democratic practices emerged within a one-party system and were later restructured to reinforce state authority. It introduces the concept of "top-down governance logic" to explain how electoral participation can coexist with authoritarian resilience. Combining long-term field research, archival materials, and comparative political analysis, the book situates China's experience within broader debates on authoritarian governance, democratic experimentation, political reform, and adaptive legitimacy. It demonstrates how elections in China functioned simultaneously as experiments in participation and mechanisms of political consolidation.
Contents
Preface.-
Part I: The Rise and Containment of Grassroots Experiments.-
Introduction: China's Participatory Turn and Its Paradoxes
Institutionalizing Grassroots Democracy: The Birth of Direct Village and Township Elections
Sea Elections: Grassroots Innovation and State Retrenchment
Part II: The State-led Absorption of Participation
4. The Absorption of Participation into Official Institutions
5. State-led Participation: Controlled Inclusion and Institutional Design
6. The CPPCC and the Institutionalization of Consultation
Part III: The Architecture of Authoritarian Adaptation
7. International Influence, Norm Diffusion, and Domestic Adaptation
8. Deliberative Experiments and the Limits of Institutionalization
9. Formalizing Consultation: Legal Embedding without Democratization
Part IV: Conclusion - The New Normative Framework
10. Strategic Adaptation: Whole-Process Democracy as Normative Framework
11. The Authoritarian Reappropriation of Democratic Experimentation



