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Full Description
The invention of Mauveine by Perkin in 1856 led to a revolution in the world of textile
dyeing. In the second half of the 19th century, natural dyes were quickly replaced by newly developed synthetic dyes which resulted in a bright palette of colours. The synthetic dyes were not only cheaper to produce, but also easier to apply on textiles due to new dyeing mechanisms. As a result, production costs decreased tremendously and brilliantly dyed textiles became available to the larger public. The introduction of synthetic dyes had a strong impact in fashion; in addition, these colourants were also used as stains on furniture, as inks and in paints.
In this publication, the development of these vivid colourants is presented. It brings together information about the history of synthetic dyes, including the first attempts, the so-called semi-synthetic dyes, and presenting the most relevant dyes and dye classes, such as nitro dyes, tri-arylmethanes, azo dyes, xanthenes, sulfur dyes, synthetic alizarin and synthetic indigo. It contains a wealth of information regarding the numerous synonyms, trade names, manufacturers and patents. International trade and competition, which was fierce, are discussed. The chemistry behind the synthetic dyeing is explained, including new dyeing technologies developed. The application of dyes and their fastness properties are also presented. An overview of analytical techniques used for characterisation is given. Many case studies are included, expressing the importance of the dyes and the creativity of mankind when applying these colourants.
As such, this publication can be seen as a colourful journey through history, relevant for conservators, curators, historians, chemists and all who are interested in the history and development of synthetic dyes.
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction and reading information.- Chapter 2 A short history of synthetic colourants.- Chapter 3Patents and international competition.- Chapter 4 Dye recipes for synthetic colourants.- Chapter 5 Chemical analysis of synthetic colourants.- Chapter 6 Pittacal.- Chapter 7Murexide.- Chapter 8 Prussian blue: an inorganic pigment used as a textile dye.- Chapter 9Indigo carmine.- Chapter 10The nitro dyes.- Chapter 11 Mauveine.- Chapter 12Fuchsine and Methyl violet.- Chapter 13 A colour boom: the tri-arylmethane dyes.- Chapter 14The early azo dyes: Aniline yellow, Bismarck brown, Chrysoidine, Orangés, Fast red A.- Chapter 15 The Ponceaus.- Chapter 16 Bright organic red colours: the history and analysis of Fluorescein, Eosins, Phloxines, Erythrosines, Rose Bengals, Rhodamines and their derivatives.- Chapter 17 The other yellow synthetic organic dyes.- Chapter 18 The first synthetic substantive cotton dyes: Congo red, Benzopurpurine B, Benzopurpurine 4B and some of their derivatives.- Chapter 19 Sulfur dyes in nearly every colour and shade.- Chapter 20 Synthetic Alizarin.- Chapter 21 The long industrial road to synthetic Indigo.- Appendix International dye producing factories.
