Full Description
The book covers a range of topics including the historical evolution and present landscape of Brazilian environmental law; fundamental principles of environmental law; environmental constitutionalism in Brazil; the legal framework governing environmental assets; animal protection and rights; environmental federalism; national environmental policy; administrative tools for environmental regulation; civil and criminal environmental liability; judicial interpretations of environmental law; specially protected areas; climate change legislation and litigation; and water resource management.
This book is intended for those interested in Brazilian environmental and climate change law, specifically catering to students, lawyers, jurists, scholars, and anyone eager to grasp the key aspects and current status of this field. With the international focus on Brazil as a 'continental Country' and the limited availability of English literature on the subject, compounded by the challenges many non-Portuguese speaking academics encounter, this book serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding how Brazil's legal and justice systems address environmental issues.
Contents
Introduction.- 1 Environmental Law in Brazil: Historical Path and Current Outlook.- 1 Historical Evolution of Environmental Law in Brazil.- 2 Principles of Environmental Law.- 2.1 Principle of Sustainability or Sustainable Development.- 2.2 Principle of the Socio-Environmental Function of Property.- 2.3 Polluter Pays Principle.- 2.4 Prevention and Precautionary Principle.- 2.5 Principle of Publicity, Transparency or Access to Information in Environmental Matters.- 2.6 Principle of Public Participation.- 2.7 Principle of Non-Regression.- 2.8 Principle of "In Dubio Pro Natura".- 3 Environmental Constitutionalism in Brazil.- 4 Legal Regime of Environmental Assets in Brazilian Law.- 5 Animal Protection and Animal Rights.- 6 Environmental Federalism.- 6.1 Material or Administrative Competence.- 6.1.1 Exclusive Administrative Competence of the Federal Government.- 6.1.2 Remaining or Residual State Authority.- 6.1.3 Administrative Competence of Municipalities.- 6.1.4 Federative Cooperation and the Supplementary Law N. 140/2011.- 6.2 Legislative Competence.- 6.2.1 Exclusive Legislative Competence of the National Congress (Federal Government).- 6.2.2 Remaining or Residual Legislative Competence of the States.- 6.2.3 Concurrent Legislative Competence.- 6.2.4 Supplementary Legislative Competence of Municipalities.- 7 National Environmental Policy and National Environmental System.- 7.1 National Environmental System (SISNAMA).- 7.1.1 The National Council for the Environment (CONAMA).- 7.2 Executing, Sectional and Local Agencies.- 7.3 The Role of Other Public Administrative Bodies and Regulatory Agencies.- 8 Administrative Tools for Environmental Regulation.- 8.1 Administrative Enforcement of Environmental Law: Administrative Violations and Penalties.- 8.1.1 Legal Regime of Administrative Liability.- 8.1.2 The Principle of Legality.- 8.1.3 Liable Party.- 8.1.4 Enforcement Authorities.- 8.1.5 Duty of Surveillance by the Public Authorities.- 8.1.6 Administrative Penalties Against Environmental Violations.- 8.1.7 Due Administrative Process, Time Limitations and Judicial Review.- 8.2 Environmental Licensing and Environmental Impact Assessment.- 8.2.1 Activities Subject to Environmental Licensing.- 8.2.2 Federative Competence for Environmental Licensing.- 8.2.2.1 Common Jurisdiction and Cooperative Federalism.- 8.2.2.2 Authority Allocation According to Supplementary Law N. 140/11.- 8.2.3 Types of Environmental Licenses.- 8.2.4 License Expiration Lengths and Deadlines for License Application Decisions.- 8.2.5 License Amendment and Withdrawal.- 8.2.6 Environmental Studies and Environmental Impact Assessment.- 8.2.6.1 Cases in Which the Environmental Impact Assessment Must be Prepared.- 8.2.6.2 Publicity of the Environmental Impact Assessment and the Environmental Impact Report.- 8.2.6.3 Public Hearings.- 8.3 Land Use Regulation and Environmental Zoning.- 9 Environmental Civil Liability.- 9.1 Legal Regime of Environmental Civil Liability.- 9.2 Requirements for Recognizing Civil Liability for Environmental Harm.- 9.2.1 Health and Environmental Risk Activity.- 9.2.2 Cause and Effect Correlation.- 9.2.3 Environmental Risk and Harm.- 9.2.4 Damages for Collective Nonpecuniary Loss.- 9.2.5 Destination of the Indemnification Amount.- 9.2.6 State Liability for Environmental Damage.- 10 Environmental Criminal Liability.- 11 Environmental Law in Court.- 11.1 Main Features of the Brazilian Judicial System.- 11.2 Environmental Courts.- 11.3 Class Actions and Public Interest Litigation in Brazil.- 11.1 Legal Lawsuits for Environmental Protection.- 11.1.1 Public Civil Suit.- 11.1.2 People's Legal Suit.- 11.1.3 Constitutional Suits.- 11.2 Judicial Deference and the Scope of Judicial Review.- 12 Specially Protected Areas.- 12.1 Nature Conservation Units' System.- 12.2 Forest Protection Code.- 12.2.1 Main Features of the 2012 Forest Protection Code.- 12.2.2 Permanent Preservation Areas.- 12.2.3 Rural Property Preservation Area.- 12.2.4 Regulating the Use of Fire in Farming Activities.- 12.2.5 Regularization of Non-Compliant Activities.- 13 Climate Change Law and Climate Change Litigation.- 13.1 The Awakening to a New Crisis: The Greenhouse Effect.- 13.2 The International Response to the Climate Crisis.- 13.3 Brazilian Law on Climate Change.- 13.4 Climate Litigation in Brazil.- 14 National Water Resources Policy.- 14.1 Constitutional and Legal Protection of Water Resources.- 14.2 Administrative and Legislative Competence.- 14.3 National Policy on Water Resources.- 14.4 Allocation of Water Resources.- 14.5 Charging for the Use of Water Resources.- 14.6 Water Resource Use Regulation.- Conclusion.- List of Acronyms.- Bibliography.
