Making Ammonia : Fritz Haber, Walther Nernst, and the Nature of Scientific Discovery

Johnson, Benjamin

Springer Nature Switzerland AG（2022/05発売）

• 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 278 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9783030855345

Full Description

This Open Access book discusses the progress of science and the transfer of scientific knowledge to technological application. It also identifies the factors necessary to achieve this progress. Based on a case study of the physical chemist Fritz Haber's discovery of ammonia synthesis between 1903 and 1909, the book places Haber's work in historical and scientific (physicochemical) context. The scientific developments of the preceding century are framed in a way that emphasizes the confluence of knowledge needed for Haber's success. Against this background, Haber's work is presented in detail along with the indispensable contributions of his colleague, the physical chemist, Walter Nernst, and their assistants. The detailed accounts of scientific advancement remind us of the physical basis on which our scientific theories and ideas are built. Without this reminder we often forget how complex, and how beautiful achievements in science can be.

Contents

Part I: A Confluence of Factors.- Chapter 1. The Object of Investigation.- Chapter 2. The Scientification of Agriculture.- Chapter 3. Advances in Organic Chemistry, Catalysis, and the Chemical Industry.- Chapter 4. The Mystery of Ammonia Synthesis.- Chapter 5. Physical Chemistry: Uniting Two Branches of Science.- Chapter 6. The Scientific Breakthrough (1903-1908).- Chapter 7. The Challenge of Technical Implementation.- Chapter 8. Reflections on Scientific Discovery and The Haze.- Part II: The Scientific Breakthrough.- Chapter 9. The State of Ammonia Synthesis at the turn of the Twentieth Century: The Arena for Discovery.- Chapter 10. Fritz Haber's Work and Thought as He Began Work on Ammonia Synthesis.- Chapter 11. The Scientific Publications on Ammonia Synthesis.- Chapter 12. Haber's Cooperation with BASF.- Chapter 13. The Role of Physical Chemistry as a Theory.- Chapter 14. Further Reflections on Scientific Discovery and The Haze.- Appendix A. Approximations of Free Energy Fitting Functions.- Appendix B. Theoretical Determinations of the Free Energy: Hermann von Helmholtz and Walther Nernst.- Part III: The Haze.- Chapter 15. Terminology.- Chapter 16. Normal Science.- Chapter 17. The Structure of The Haze.- Chapter 18. Dynamic of The Haze.- Chapter 19. Between Science and Industry: The Stage of 10-100.- Chapter 20. Risk and the Acceptance of Failure.- Chapter 21. The Haze: Interdependencies in Science.- Chapter 22. One Final Element.