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Full Description
This book describes the emergence of research policy as a key competence of the European Union (EU). It shows how the European Community (EC, the predecessor of the EU), which initially had very limited legal competence in the field, progressively developed a solid policy framework presenting science and research as indispensable tools for European economic competitiveness and growth. In the late 20th century Western Europe, hungry for growth, concerned about the American technological lead, and keen to compete in the increasingly open international markets, the argument for a joint European effort in science and technology seemed plausible. However, the EC was building its new functions in an already crowded field of European research collaboration and in a shifting political context marked by austerity, national rivalries, new societal and environmental challenges, and emerging ambivalence about science. This book conveys the contested history of one of the EU's most successful policies. It is a story of struggle and frustration but also of a great institutional and intellectual continuity. The ideational edifice for the EC/EU research policy that was put in place during the 1960s and 1970s years proved remarkably robust. Its durability enabled the rapid takeoff of the European Commission's initiatives in the more favorable political atmosphere of the early 1980s and the subsequent expansion of the EU research funding instruments and programs that permanently transformed the European research landscape.
Contents
1. Introduction.- Part I.- 2. Research for Growth: The Ideational Foundations of Research Policy in Postwar Europe.- 3. A Common Research Policy? Launching the Debate.- 4. Euratom: The Troubled Forerunner of Community Research Policy.- Part II.- 5. The Years of Questioning.- 6. COST: Distraction or Progress?.- 7. Contrasting Visions and Continuing Struggle.- Part III.- 8. The Return of the Gap.- 9. Research Policy: A Trailblazer for Institutional Change.- 10. Conclusion and Further Thoughts.
