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Full Description
One of classical Greece's most worldly and lucid writers, Xenophon across his many works gave a restless criticism of power: democratic, oligarchic and autocratic. From military campaigns (in which he took part), through the great powers of his day (Sparta, Persia, Athens) to modes of control within the household, he observed intimately and often with partisan passion. In this work a leading French Hellenist, Vincent Azoulay, analyses across Xenophon's diverse texts the techniques by which the Greek writer recommends that leaders should manipulate. Through gifts and personal allure, though mystique, dazzling appearance, exemplary behaviour, strategic absences - and occasional terror, Xenophon analyses ways in which a powerful few might triumphantly replace the erratic democracies and selfindulgent oligarchies of his day. First published in French (in 2004) to international acclaim, this book is here translated for the first time, revised and updated.
Contents
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 - CHARIS AND ITS CHALLENGES
I. The Law of Charis
III. Charis in Democracy
CHAPTER 2 - LEGITIMATE FAVORS
I. Xenophon's Three Graces
II. Supreme Benefits: Feeding Bodies and Minds
III. Contextualizing Favors: The Differential Effectiveness of Gifts
CHAPTER 3 - FROM GOOD DEEDS TO MISDEEDS: THE CORRUPTING POWER OF CHARIS
I. The Ambiguities of Xenia
II. Agesilaus and Xenophon: The Incorruptibles?
III. From Material Corruption to Spiritual Corruption
CHAPTER 4 - BETWEEN CHARIS ANDMISTHOS : XENOPHON AGAINST THE MERCHANTS?
I. 'The Hostile World' of Goods
II. The Ambiguous Virtues of Commercial Exchange
CHAPTER 5 - CHARIS AND ENVY
I. The Omnipresence of Phthonos: The Social Genesis of a Feeling
II. Leveling From the Bottom or Redistributing from the Top?
III. Phthonos and Charis: Dangerous Liaisons
CHAPTER 6 - CHARIS AND PHILIA: THE POLITICS OF FRIENDSHIP
I. The Debate over Philia
II. Philia and Patronage
III. From Philia to Philanthropia
CHAPTER 7 - CHARIS AND PATERNITY
I. From Fraternal Union to Paternal Love
II. Paternal Power: An Unattainable Dream?
III. Cyrus, or the Universal Father
CHAPTER 8 - THE GRACES OF LOVE
I. Erotic Reciprocity and Its Dangers
II. The Political Power of the Eromenos
III. From Socrates to Cyrus: The Rivalry of Two Graces
IV. Epilogue: On the Love of Men and the Veneration of the Gods
CONCLUSION
PHILOLOGICAL ANNEX: CHARIS IN XENOPHON'S CORPUS
Contents
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL INDEX
INDEX LOCORUM
