基本説明
The first volume covers a time-frame from roughly the fifth century BCE to the twelfth century CE. It deals with translation in the civil and government context, and with the monumental project of Buddhist sutra translation. Comprising over 250 passages, most of which are translated into English for the first time here, the anthology is the first major source book to appear in English.
Full Description
Translation has a long history in China. Down the centuries translators, interpreters, Buddhist monks, Jesuit priests, Protestant missionaries, writers, historians, linguists, and even ministers and emperors have all written about translation, and from an amazing array of perspectives. Such an exciting diversity of views, reflections and theoretical thinking about the art and business of translating is now brought together in a two-volume anthology. The first volume covers a time-frame from roughly the 5th century BCE to the twelfth century CE. It deals with translation in the civil and government context, and with the monumental project of Buddhist sutra translation. The second volume spans the 13th century CE to the Revolution of 1911, which brought an end to feudal China. It deals with the transmission of Western learning to China - a translation venture that changed the epistemological horizon and even the mindset of Chinese people. Comprising over 250 passages, most of which are translated into English for the first time here, the anthology is the first major source book to appear in English. It carries valuable primary material, allowing access into the minds of translators working in a time and space markedly different from ours, and in ways foreign or even inconceivable to us. The topics these writers discussed are familiar. But rather than a comfortable trip on well-trodden ground, the anthology invites us on an exciting journey of the imagination.
Contents
PART ONEOVERVIEW1Laozi (b. c. 570 BCE)THE CONSTANT WAY (TAO)From Chapter 1, Tao-te-ching 2Laozi (b. c. 570 BCE)TRUSTWORTHY WORDS ARE NOT BEAUTIFULFrom Chapter 81, Tao-te-ching 3Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From Verse 3, Book 1, Lunyu (The Analects)4Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From Verse 6, Book 1, Lunyu (The Analects)5Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)A LEARNED MANFrom Verse 7, Book 1, Lunyu (The Analects)6Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From Verse 18, Book 6, Lunyu (The Analects)7Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)THE ABSOLUTE ESSENTIALFrom Verse 7, Book 12, Lunyu (The Analects)8Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From Verse 18, Book 15, Lunyu (The Analects)9Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)GET YOUR MEANING ACROSSFrom Verse 41, Book 15, Lunyu (The Analects)10Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From Verse 6, Book 17, Lunyu (The Analects)11(Attributed to) Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From "Xiaobian" (Minor Arts), Chapter 74, Da Dai liji (Elder Dai's Book of Rites)12(Attributed to) Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND MEANINGFrom "Xici zhuan shang" (Appended Statements, Part 1, Chapter 12), Zhouyi (Zhou Changes)13(Attributed to) Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From "Wenyanzhuan qianjiusan" (Sayings on Patterning [with reference to] the Third Line of Hexagram 1, Qian or Heaven), Zhouyi (Zhou Changes)14(Attributed to) Kongzi (Confucius) (traditionally 551-479 BCE)From "Xianggong Ershiwunian" (The 25th year of Duke Xiang [of Lu] [548 BCE]), in Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhengyi (The Chronicles of Zuo)15(Attributed to) Zuo Qiuming (556-451? BCE)INTERPRETERS ALSO KNOWN AS "TONGUE-MEN"From "Zhouyu zhong" (Zhou Discourses, Part 2), in Guoyu (Discourses of the States), Volume 216Mengzi (372-289 BCE)From Passage 4, Chapter 9, Mengzi17(Attributed to) Zhuangzi (369-286 BCE)From "Tiandao" (The Way of Heaven), in Zhuangzi, with annotations by Wang Bi and Guo Xiang18(Attributed to) Zhuangzi (369-286 BCE)ONCE YOU HAVE GOT THE IDEA, THE WORDS ARE FORGOTTENFrom "Waiwu" (External Things), in Zhuangzi, with annotations by Wang Bi and Guo Xiang19Xunzi (340?-245? BCE)THE ELEGANT AND PROPER STANDARDFrom "Yuelun" (A Discussion of Music), in Xunzi, Volume 1420Han Fei (280-233 BCE)EMBELLISHMENTFrom "Jielao" (Explaining the Laozi), in Hanfeizi, Volume 621Zhou RitesAuthor unknownFrom "Xiangxu" (Interpreting-functionaries), in "Qiuguan sikou xia" (Ministry of Justice, Part 2), collected in Zhouli (Zhou Rites), Volume 1022Zhou RitesAuthor unknownFrom "Da xingren" (Senior Messenger), in "Qiuguan sikou xia" (Ministry of Justice, Part 2), collected in Zhouli (Zhou Rites), Volume 1023Lu Buwei (d. 235 BCE)From "Shenshi" (Heeding the Circumstances), in Lushi chunqiu (The Annals of Lu Buwei), Volume 1724Dai Sheng (fl. 74-49 BCE)LIKINGS AND PREFERENCES UNDERSTOODFrom "Wangzhi" (Royal Institutions), in Liji (Book of Rites), Volume 425(Attributed to) Fu Sheng (268-178 BCE)From "Jiahe" (Luxuriant Grain), in Shangshu dazhuan (Amplification of the Book of History), Volume 4PART TWO: THE BUDDHIST PROJECTGENERAL REMARKSSECTION ONEOVERVIEW26(About) An Shigao (fl. second century CE)ELOQUENT WITHOUT BEING FLOWERY, UNHEWN WITHOUT BEING COARSEFrom "An Shigao zhuan" (A Biography of An Shigao), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1327Liu Xi (fl. 147-220 CE)APPROXIMATE THE STANDARD LANGUAGEFrom "Shi dianyi" (Explanation of the Exact Meanings of Canons and Conventions), in Shiming (The Explanation of Names), Volume 628(About) Lokaksema (b. 147 CE)From "Zhi Chen zhuan" (A Biography of Lokaksema), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1329Zhi Qian (fl. 233-253 CE)From "Faju jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Dharmapada), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 730Wang Bi (226-249 CE)IMAGES, WORDS, AND IDEASFrom "Mingxiang" (Elucidating the Images), Zhouyi lueli (General Remarks on the Zhou Changes)31Kang Senghui (d. 280 CE) From "Kang Senghui" (Kang Senghui), from "Yijingpian yi"( ) (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 1), collected in Gaoseng zhuan (The Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 132Zhi Mindu (fl. 325-342 CE)THE SAME SUTRA, THREE TRANSLATORS, THREE DIFFERENT VERSIONSFrom "He weimojie jing xu" (Preface to the Composite Edition of [the Translations of] the Vimalakirti-nirdesa Sutra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 833Dao An (312/314-385? CE)From "Taoxing jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Taoxing Version of the Astasahasrika-prajnaparamita Sutra [Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in 8,000 Lines], in 10 fascicles), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 734Dao An (312/314-385 CE)From "He Fangguang Guangzan luejie xu" (Preface to A Brief Exegesis on the Composite Edition of the Fangguang and Guangzan Versions of [the Translation of] the Pancavimsatisahasrika-prajnaparamita Sutra [Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in 25,000 Lines]), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 735Dao An (312/314-385 CE)DILUTING WINE WITH WATERFrom "Biqiudajie xu" (Preface to the Abridged [Translation of the] Sarvqsti-vada-vinaya-bhiksu-pratimoksa), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1136Dao An (312/314-385 CE)From "Mohe boluore boluomi jing chao xu" (Preface to A Collation of [the Translation of] Extracts from the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra [Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra], 5 fascicles), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 837Dao An (312/314-385 CE)NECESSARY AND OTHERS NOT SOFrom "Apitan xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Abhidharma Jnanaprasthana-sastra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1038Dao An (312/314-385 CE)From "Piposha xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Vibhasa-sastra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1039Anonymous (Attributed to one of Dao An's disciples)From "Sengjialuosha jijing houji" (Postscript to [the Translation of] the Compilation of Samgharaksa), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1040Hui Yuan (334-416 CE)From "Sanfadu xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Tridharmika-sastra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 10SECTION TWOOVERVIEW41Seng Rui (353?-420? CE)From "Siyi jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Visesacintabrahma-pariprccha Sutra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 842Kumarajiva (344-409 CE)TASTELESS BUT DOWNRIGHT DISGUSTINGRecorded in "Jiumoluoshi Zhuan" (A Biography of Kumarajiva), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1443Seng Rui (353?-420? CE)From "Dapin jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Larger Division of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra [Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra]), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 844Seng Zhao (384-414 CE)From "Bailun xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Sata-sastras), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1145Seng Zhao (384-414 CE)THE LANGUAGE USED WAS ECONOMICAL YET ACCOMPLISHED, AND THE MESSAGE WAS CONVEYED SUBTLY YET LUCIDLYFrom "Weimojie jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Vimalakirti-nirdesa Sutra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 846Kumarajiva (344-409 CE)Recorded in "Shi Seng Rui" (Shi Seng Rui), collected in Gaoseng zhuan (The Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 647Hui Guan (353-424? CE)DID NOT DISTORT THE SOURCEFrom "Fahua zongyao xu" (Preface to the Doctrinal Essentials of the Lotus Sutra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 848Seng Rui (353?-420? CE)JUST FOLLOW THE SOURCEFrom "Xiaopin jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Smaller Division of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra [Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra]), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 849Hui Yuan (334-416 CE)AN EASIER PATH WOULD BENEFIT BEGINNERSFrom "Dazhilun chao xu" (Preface to A Collation of Extracts from [the Translation of] the Mahaprajnaparamita-sastra [A Treatise on the Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra]), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1050Kumarajiva (344-409 CE)Recorded in "Jiumoluoshi Zhuan"(A Biography of Kumarajiva), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1451Dao Biao (fl. 394-415 CE)CENTRAL IDEASFrom "Shelifu apitan xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Sariputrabhidharma-sastra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1052Dao Lang (fl. 412-427 CE)LIKE MILK DILUTED WITH WATERFrom "Daniepan jing xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Maha-parinirvana Sutra), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 853Shen Yue (441-513 CE)READABILITY SHOULD COME FIRSTRecorded in "Wenzhang pian"b(On Essays), in Yanshi jiaxun (Instructions of the Yan Family), Volume 154Seng You (445-518 CE)From "Chusanzang jiji xu" (Preface to A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 155Seng You (445-518 CE)DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SANSKRIT AND HAN LANGUAGESFrom "Hu han yijing yinyi tongyi ji" (A Record of the Similarities and Differences in Pronunciation and Meaning Among the Chinese Translations of Sutras from Hu-language), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 156Seng You (445-518 CE)From "Dao Sheng fashi zhuan" (A Biography of Dao Sheng), collected in Chusanzang jiji (A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka), Fascicle 1557Hui Jiao (497-554 CE)From "Gaoseng zhuan jingshi pian fulun" (Appendix [to the Section "Sermonists"]), collected in Gaoseng zhuan (The Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 1358Paramartha (499-569 CE)Recorded in "Chen Yangdu Jinling shamen Shi Fa Tai zhuan" (A Biography of the Chen Dynasty Monk Fa Tai from Jinling), in "Benzhuan" (Main Biographies), from "Yijing pian chu" (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 1), collected in Xu gaoseng zhuan(A Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 159Hui Kai (518-568 CE)From "Shedachenglun xu"(Preface to [the Translation of] the Mahayana-samparigraha-sastra, in "Shedache1nglun" (The [Translation of the] Mahayana-samparigraha-sastra), Fascicle 160Hui Kai (518-568 CE)From "Apitanmojusheshilun xu" (Preface to [the Translation of] the Abhidharmakosa-sastra), in "Apitanmojusheshilun" (The [Translation of the] Abhidharmakosa-sastra), Fascicle 161Dao An (fl. 557-581 CE)From "Kong Lao fei fo" [Kongzi is not Buddha, and Neither is Laozi], in Erjiaolun (A Treatise on the Two Religions), collected in Guang hongmingji (A Further Collection of Essays on Buddhism), Fascicle 862Fa Lin (572-640 CE)Recorded in "Neisanbao wufanzhi" (Why the Three Precious Ones should be Not-translated [transliterated]), from "Jiuzhen pian xia" (Nine Admonitions, Part 2), in Bian zheng lun (Defending the Right), collected in Guang hongmingji (A Further Collection of Essays on Buddhism), Fascicle 1363Yan Cong (557-610 CE)ON THE RIGHT WAYRecorded in "Sui Dongdu Shanglinyuan fanjingguan shamen Shi Yan Cong zhuan" (A Biography of Monk Shi Yan Cong of the Shanglinyuan Translation Assembly at Dongdu [now Xi'an] in the Sui Dynasty), in "Benzhuan" (Main Biographies), from "Yijing pian er" (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 2), collected in Xu gaoseng zhuan (A Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 2SECTION THREEOVERVIEW64Dao Xuan (596-667 CE)From "Yijing pian si fulun"(Appendix [to the Section "On the Translation of Sutras, Part 4]"), collected in Xu gaoseng zhuan (A Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 465Bian Ji (619?-649? CE)IT IS A GOOD TRANSLATIONFrom "Jizan"(Eulogy), collected in Datang xiyuji (The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions), Volume 1266Zhangsun Wuji (d. 659 CE) et alFrom "Zheng bu yan qing" (Giving False Evidence), from "Zhawei" (Deception), collected in Tang lu shu yi (The Code of the Tang, with Notes and Commentaries), Volume 2567Xuan Zang (600 - 664 CE)FIVE GUIDELINES FOR NOT-TRANSLATING A TERMRecorded in "Fanyi mingyi ji xu" (Preface to A Collection of Names and Their Explanations in Buddhist Translations), collected in Fanyi mingyi ji (A Collection of Names and Their Explanations in Buddhist Translations)68Xuan Zang (600 - 664 CE)Recorded in "Jing Daci'ensi Shi Xuan Zang zhuan" (A Biography of Xuan Zang of the Great Ci'en Monastery), in Benzhuan (Main Biographies), from "Yijing pian si" (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 4), collected in Xu gaoseng zhuan (A Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 469Hui Li (b. 615 CE)THE MANYRecorded in Datang Daci'ensi Sanzang Fashi zhuan (A Biography of the Tripitaka-master of the Great Ci'en Monastery of the Great Tang Dynasty), Volume 870Hui Li (b. 615 CE)TRANSLATE EVERYTHING AND OMIT NOTHINGFrom Datang Daci'ensi Sanzang Fashi zhuan (A Biography of the Tripitaka-master of the Great Ci'en Monastery of the Great Tang Dynasty), Volume 1071Yi Jing (635 - 713 CE)From "Sanzang shengjiao xu" (Preface to the Tripitaka (by Emperor Zhongzong)), in Quan Tang wen (Complete Prose of the Tang), Volume 1772Wu Zetian (624-705 CE)From "Seng Tao bingzhong chi" (Edict that Sangha (Buddhism) and Taoists (Taoism) be Given Equal Status), in Quan Tang wen (Complete Prose of the Tang), Volume 9673Gautama Siddhartha (fl. late seventh to early eighth centuries CE)WE HAVE TRIMMED WHAT WAS REDUNDANT AND OMITTED THE ELABORATE PARTSFrom "Qutan Xida" (Gautama Siddhartha), in Chouren zhuan (The Biographies of Astronomers and Mathematicians), Volume 1374Zhao Ying (fl. 936-942 CE) and Liu Xu (887-946 CE)THE FABRICATED DAYUN SUTRA WAS MADE AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT THE REALMFrom "Xue Huaiyi" (Xue Huaiyi), in "Waiqi" (Relatives of the Imperial Consort), from "Liezhuan" (Biographies), in Jiu Tang shu (Old Tang Records), Volume 18375Zan Ning (919-1001 CE)From "Tang Jingxiu Dajianfusi Yi Jing zhuan" (The Biography of Yi Jing from Great Jianfu Temple in the Central Administrative Region in the Tang Dynasty), collected in Song gaoseng zhuan (The Song Version of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 176Zan Ning (919-1001 CE)From "Tang jingshi Man Yue zhuan" ["A Biography of Man Yue of the Capital of the Tang Dynasty"], in "Yijing pian yi zhi san" (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 3), collected in Song gaoseng zhuan (The Song Version of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 377Zan Ning (919-1001 CE)From "Tang jingshi Man Yue zhuan" ["A Biography of Man Yue of the Capital of the Tang Dynasty"], in "Yijing pian yi zhi san" (On the Translation of Sutras, Part 3), collected in Song gaoseng zhuan (The Song Version of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 378Zan Ning (919-1001 CE)PRIESTSFrom "Tang Jianglingfu Fa Ming zhuan" (A Biography of Fa Ming of the Administrative Region of Jiangling in the Tang Dynasty), in "Hufa pian" (On Protecting the Dharma), collected in Song gaoseng zhuan (The Song Version of the Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 1779Zan Ning (919-1001 CE)From "Ci seng ziyi" (Purple Ceremonial Robes Bestowed Upon Buddhist Monks as Gifts), Dasong seng shilue (The Song Dynasty Compendium of Monastic History), Volume 280Hong Hao (1088 - 1155)THE TONGSHI [INTERPRETING-CLERKS] HAD GREAT INFLUENCERecorded in Songmo jiwen (Travel Records of the Pine and Desert Lands)81Fa Yun (1088-1158)FROM ANOTHER LANDFrom Fanyi mingyi ji (A Collection of Names and Their Explanations in Buddhist Translations), Fascicle 182Fa Yun (1088 - 1158)From "Tang Fan ziti pian" (On the Chinese Script and the Fan [Sanskrit] Script), collected in Fanyi mingyi ji (A Collection of Names and Their Explanations in Buddhist Translations), Fascicle 15Biographical Notes on People Mentioned in the TextWorks CitedReferencesIndex
