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基本説明
This participant-observation based study vividly presents the practice of school to work transition at two Japanese high schools, and explains variations about the modal career trajectory of "low achieving" students, drawing on Bourdieu's work.
Full Description
Japan is a society where schools almost guarantee a job for all their graduates, even the academically least successful. In School to Work Transition in Japan, Dr Kaori Okano, an educational sociologist, presents a fascinating picture of how schools guide their students through the crucial stage of transition to the world of work. Dr Okano spent 12 months observing the experience of students and teachers in two urban vocational high schools. Following on from her detailed research, she critically examines the complex relationships existing between school and community which ensure that every student makes a successful transition to employment. This is a first study of youth employment issues in Japan from the perspective of the students themselves. Its focus is on explaining individual variation in the career decisions of this group of students, who share both relatively disadvantaged family backgrounds and low academic achievement. Drawing on Bourdieu's analytical framework, Okano argues that each student, through their personal understanding of the world, selectively interprets various forms of school, family and individually possessed resources, and consequently employs them in a variety of ways, which leads to divergent career decisions. This book gives an insight into the relationship between social values, family ethos, industry, school, and economic 'success' in Japan, and addresses many questions asked by educationalists, sociologists, anthropologists and labour relations specialists.
Contents
Part 1 Previous studiesJapanese education; reproduction and production through schooling; summary. Part 2 Methods: ways of knowing - the ethnographic method; the fieldwork process; methods of data analysis; summary. Part 3 The two schools: Saki-city; the students - Sasaki High School, Imai Technical High School; summary. Part 4 Teachers practising the job referral process: phase 1 - groundwork by school and employers; phase 2 - deciding on specific companies; phase 3 - internal selection meeting; phase 4 - final preparation for the recruitment examination; phase 5 - recruitment examinations; phase 6 - follow-up actions; phase 7 - post examination school routine; phase 8 - official exit from school; critical phases of the transition/job referral; relationship between the school, companies and the PESO; maternalism; some autonomy of teachers. Part 5 Students making sense of the transition: phase 1 - groundwork by school and employers; phase 2 - deciding on specific companies; phase 3 - internal selection meeting; phase 4 - final preparation for the recruitment examination; phase 5 - recruitment examinations; phase 6 - follow-up actions; phase 7 - post examination school routine; phase 8 - official exit from school; "creative" students - counter-school culture and resistance; differing perceptions of school messages; students adjust their wishes and plans; use of school resources. Part 6 Differentiation: capital as defined by Bourdieu and resources; six illustrative case studies; resource conversion and reproduction; summary. Appendix: Japanese school ladder; interview schedule; an example of an interview file; an example of an individual student's trajectory chart; an example of the recruitment card; students' family circumstances, school career and employment outcome (Sasaki High); students' family circumstances, school career and employment outcome (Imai Tech High).
