Full Description
Case Based Echocardiography will provide a case-based introduction/primer to the practice of echocardiography with liberal use of images and actual patient histories. The reader will be able to gain extensive practical knowledge of the practice of echocardiography with the use of these case reports. These will concentrate on the skills necessary to increase specialist knowledge of echocardiography practice.
Contents
Physics & Artifacts. Physical basis ultrasound, cardiac imaging. Artifacts mistaken for cardiac pathology.- LV mass, volumes. Qualitative & quantitative determination of LV wall thickness, mass. Qualitative & quantitative determination of LV volumes.- LV function. Ejection fraction assessment.- M-mode. Common pathologies for M mode use.- Wall motion & stress. Assess regional wall motion. Normal, hypokinetic & akinetic wall motion. Wall motion analysis. Stress echocardiography protocols exercise; dobutamine; dipyridamole. Problem solving.- RV function assessment. Visual assessment of RV size, function. Tissue Doppler in RV assessment.- Valvular heart disease. Assessing valves. Mitral stenosis, regurgitation. Aortic stenosis, regurgitation. Pulmonary stenosis, regurgitation. Tricuspid stenosis, regurgitation. Multivalvular involvement: rheumatic disease; carcinoid; diet drugs. Prosthetic valve assessment. Infective endocarditis.- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Protocol for TEE. Standard TEE views. TEE Limitations. Emergency applications of TEE:dissection etc. Methemoglobinemia & treatment.- Echo contrast. Contrast agents. Indications in clinical practice. Protocol for contrast use. Problems & resolution.- Cardiomyopathies. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy.- Tissue Doppler & clinical uses. Fundamentals, Tissue Doppler. Applications. How to do Tissue Doppler. Assessment of dyssynchrony. Strain imaging.- Diastolic function assessment.- Mitral inflow. Pulmonary vein flow. Tissue Doppler. Flow propogation velocity. Grades of diastolic dysfunction.- The pericardium. Pericardial effusion. Pericarditis. Tamponade physiology. Constriction V restriction physiology. Echo-guided pericardiocentesis.- Cardiac masses.- 3-D echocardiography. Principles. 3D images. Clinical situations, 3DE.- Adult congenital problems. VSD. ASD. Others.- Vascular imaging. Carotid intima media thickness. Brachial reactivity. Augmentation index.
