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Full Description
At its heart, this book is an examination of how a new structural material - mass-produced steel - came to be first applied to the buildings of one of the world's great cities. The focus is evolution and change in London's buildings and architecture in the late Victorian and early Edwardian period; its emphasis is unashamedly constructional. A great deal has been written about the shape, style and ornament of metropolitan buildings of the period, but comparatively little on their structural anatomy and physiology.
The first part examines the technological developments and economic forces that brought structural steel into being. Central to this was the invention of the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes which revolutionised steelmaking and enabled the mass production of a metal which outmatched both cast and wrought iron. Steel became the pillar of a new phase of industrialisation and urbanisation throughout the world, and London, where Henry Bessemer had conducted his initial steelmaking experiments, was one of the first cities to make use of it.
The second part of the book is an examination of how structural steel was exploited in different types of London building before 1910. As steel construction developed, and buildings became larger and more complex, structure was forced back onto the architectural agenda. Techniques of framing evolved to make buildings more open, better lit, more stable, or to give them stronger floors or wider roofs.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part 1: Technological preconditions and other contexts
1. Towards a structural steel
2. Constructional steelwork and its iron inheritance
3. The Continental dimension
4. The London Building Regulations
5. Philosophical concerns about iron, steel, and framed construction
6. Professional conflicts: architect-engineer dynamics
7. American influence
8. The evolution of the fully framed building
Part 2: Steel into London buildings, and iron precedents
9. Theatres and music halls
10. Clubs and hotels
11. Banks and offices
12. Shops, houses, churches, pools, fire stations and tube stations
13. Industrial buildings
14. Conclusion: a revolution realised
Notes
Bibliography
Index
