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Wind turbine gearboxes present major reliability issues, leading to great interest in the current development of gearless direct-drive wind energy systems. Offering high reliability, high efficiency and low maintenance, developments in these direct-drive systems point the way to the next generation of wind power, and Electrical drives for direct drive renewable energy systems is an authoritative guide to their design, development and operation.Part one outlines electrical drive technology, beginning with an overview of electrical generators for direct drive systems. Principles of electrical design for permanent magnet generators are discussed, followed by electrical, thermal and structural generator design and systems integration. A review of power electronic converter technology and power electronic converter systems for direct drive renewable energy applications is then conducted. Part two then focuses on wind and marine applications, beginning with a commercial overview of wind turbine drive systems and an introduction to direct drive wave energy conversion systems. The commercial application of these technologies is investigated via case studies on the permanent magnet direct drive generator in the Zephyros wind turbine, and the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) direct drive wave energy pilot plant. Finally, the book concludes by exploring the application of high-temperature superconducting machines to direct drive renewable energy systems.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Electrical drives for direct drive renewable energy systems provides a comprehensive review of key technologies for anyone involved with or interested in the design, construction, operation, development and optimisation of direct drive wind and marine energy systems.
Contents
Contributor contact details
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Part I: Electrical drive technology
1. Electrical generators for direct drive systems: a technology overview
Abstract:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Excitation methods
1.3 Permanent magnet direct drive (PMDD) generator topologies
1.4 Conclusion
1.5 References
2. Principles of electrical design of permanent magnet generators for direct drive renewable energy systems
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Design requirements and evaluation criteria
2.3 Scaling laws for dimensioning machines
2.4 Design choices
2.5 Design example
2.6 Future trends
2.7 References
3. Electrical, thermal and structural generator design and systems integration for direct drive renewable energy systems
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Integrated systems design of machine topologies
3.3 Structural considerations and mechanical design
3.4 Thermal considerations
3.5 Designs of machine topologies for 5-20 MW direct drive wind turbines
3.6 Application to direct drive marine energy systems
3.7 References
4. An overview of power electronic converter technology for renewable energy systems
Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Power electronic components
4.3 Topologies of power electronic converters
4.4 Modulation techniques in voltage source converters (VSCs)
4.5 Power control of voltage source converters
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 References
5. Power electronic converter systems for direct drive renewable energy applications
Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characteristics of wind and marine energy generation systems
5.3 Back-to-back voltage source converter (BTB-VSC)
5.4 Diode rectifier plus DC/DC converter as the generator side converter
5.5 Application of current source converters (CSCs)
5.6 Power electronic system design considerations
5.7 Power electronic system challenges and reliability
5.8 Conclusion and future trends
5.9 References
Part II: Applications: wind and marine
6. Wind turbine drive systems: a commercial overview
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Early geared wind turbine drive systems
6.3 Direct drive generators
6.4 Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs)
6.5 Low- and medium-speed (MS) geared hybrid concept
6.6 Permanent magnet generators (PMGs) in direct drive wind turbines
6.7 Alternative technologies and power conversion
6.8 Reliability, availability and total systems efficiency
6.8.1 Availability
6.9 References
7. Case study of the permanent magnet direct drive generator in the Zephyros wind turbine
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Design process and the resulting design
7.3 Other design considerations
7.4 Generator assembly
7.5 Generator testing
7.6 Operational experience and problems faced
7.7 Reliability
7.8 Future trends
7.9 Conclusion
7. 10 References
8. Direct drive wave energy conversion systems: an introduction
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Wave energy
8.3 Direct drive in wave energy
8.4 Conclusion
8.5 Acknowledgement
8.6 References
9. Case study of the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) direct drive wave energy pilot plant
Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 AWS wave energy converter
9.3 AWS pilot plant power take-off (PTO): design and construction
9.4 AWS pilot plant power take-off (PTO): test results
9.5 Conclusion
9.6 Acknowledgement
9.7 References
10. Application of high-temperature superconducting machines to direct drive renewable energy systems
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Common superconducting wire materials
10.3 Advantages of superconducting machines
10.4 Challenges
10.5 Superconducting machine topologies
10.6 Direct drive applications
10.7 Application to wind turbines
10.8 Application to wave energy
10.9 Conclusion
10.10 References
Index
