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Recent studies on the meaning of cultural diplomacy in the twentieth century often focus on the United States and the Cold War, based on the premise that cultural diplomacy was a key instrument of foreign policy in the nation's effort to contain the Soviet Union. As a result, the term "cultural diplomacy" has become one-dimensional, linked to political manipulation and subordination and relegated to the margin of diplomatic interactions. This volume explores the significance of cultural diplomacy in regions other than the United States or "western" countries, that is, regions that have been neglected by scholars so far-Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. By examining cultural diplomacy in these regions, the contributors show that the function of information and exchange programs differs considerably from area to area depending on historical circumstances and, even more importantly, on the cultural mindsets of the individuals involved. Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht is Professor of International History at the University of Cologne. She has been a Heisenberg fellow of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt am Main, a John F.
Kennedy Fellow at the Center for European Studies and a Visiting Fellow at the Charles Warren Center for American History, both at Harvard University. Her recent publications include Decentering America (ed., Berghahn 2007), Sound Diplomacy. Music and Emotions in German-American Relations, 1850-1920 (Chicago University Press, 2009), and Emotions in American History: An International Assessment (ed., Berghahn, 2010). Mark C. Donfried is the founder and director of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy, an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organization based in New York City. He is currently based at the ICD European Headquarters in Berlin, where he also holds a Visiting Professorship at Humboldt University. His current research and publishing focuses on civil society-based cultural diplomacy.
Contents
Acknowledgments List of Contributors Introduction: Searching for a Cultural Diplomacy Introduction: What Are We Searching For? Culture, Diplomacy, Agents and the State Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht The Model of Cultural Diplomacy: Power, Distance, and the Promise of Civil Society Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht and Mark C. Donfried Part I. Cultural Relations and the Soviet Union Chapter 1. VOKS: The Third Dimension of Soviet Foreign Policy Jean Francois Fayet Chapter 2. Mission Impossible? Selling Soviet Socialism to Americans, 1955-1958 Rosa Magnusdottir Part II. Cultural Diplomacy in Eastern Europe Chapter 3. Hungarian Cultural Diplomacy between 1957 and 1963 -- Echoes of Western Cultural Activity in a Communist Country Aniko Macher Chapter 4. Catholics in Ostpolitik? Networking and Non-State Diplomacy in the Bensberger Polen-Memorandum, 1966-1970 Annika Friedberg Part III. Cultural Diplomacy in the Middle East Chapter 5. International Rivalry and Culture in Syria and Lebanon under the French Mandate Jennifer Dueck Chapter 6. The United States and the Limits of Cultural Diplomacy in the Arab Middle East, 1945-1957 James R. Vaughan Part IV. Civil Society and Cultural Diplomacy in Japan Chapter 7. Difficulties Faced by Japanese Who Tried to Interpret Japanese for the Foreign Audience Yuzo Ota Chapter 8. Germany in Europe, Japan and Asia: National Commitments to Cultural Relations within Regional Frameworks Maki Aoki-Okabe, Toichi Makita, and Yoko Kawamura
