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Full Description
Through an original reinterpretation of André Gorz's work Emanuele Leonardi stages the fundamental encounter between degrowth and Marxism, namely a programmatic horizon for the socio-ecological conflicts that are proliferating on a global scale, aimed at reducing pressure on the biosphere (shrinking social metabolism) and at the ever-wider diffusion of care activities and knowledge production (multiplication of negentropic work). A veritable strategy for climate justice movements around the world.
The book poses a key question: How was it possible for ecological limits to be transformed from constraints on development (as they looked like in 1970s) into putative business opportunities (as sustainable finance postulates)? From pure costs for companies to foundation of the green economy, i.e. a new strategy of capitalist accumulation in the era of global warming?
A central figure in exploring this question from the perspective of a labour-based political ecology is militant communist André Gorz - editor of Les Temps Modernes, journalist at Le Nouvel observateur and ruthless critic of cognitive capitalism.
Contents
Preface to the English Edition
Introduction
I. Political Ecology as Method
Analytical Premises and New Political Stakes of Social Transformation
1. The divorce between wealth and value
2. André Gorz's political ecology
3. Further considerations: the concept of nature, the theoretical status of the theory of value, and class composition
II. Nature in Classical Political Economy and Its Critique
Primitive Accumulation, Valorisation and Abstract Social Nature
1. Marx: nature as capital
2. Nature and political economy
3. Moore: abstract social nature
III. An Entropic Device
The Rise of the Labour-Nature-Value Nexus from Fossil Capitalism to the Fordist Pact
1. Resisting value theory: struggles against and within valorisation
2. The 'classic' labour-nature-value nexus as entropic device
IV. The Twofold Crisis of the 'Classic' Labour-Nature-Value Nexus
Social Struggles and Physical Limits to Growth at the Root of the First Oil Shock (1968-1973)
1. Gorz's theory of the twofold crisis (1968-73)
2. The environmental causes of the twofold crisis: the physical limits to growth
3. The social causes of the twofold crisis: feminist revolution and liberation of work / liberation from labour
V. Nature as a Direct Element of Valorisation
Cognitive Labour and Financialization in the Green Economy
1. Ecology and class composition
2. Cognitive capitalism and the becoming productive of social reproduction
3. Financialisation of the economy and ecological crisis
4. Green Economy: exploitation and manipulation of cognitive labour in biomimicry
VI. For a Critique of Carbon Markets
Historical and Economic Notes on the Peculiar Commodification of the Climate
1. Carbon Trading in actu: the Kyoto Protocol (1997)
2. Productive failure of carbon markets and climate rent
3. How to produce a Certified Emissions Reduction: in the lab of carbon commodities
VII. Between Marxism and Degrowth
Shrinking Social Metabolism and Liberating Negentropic Work
Conclusion
