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Full Description
While advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and data infrastructures offer solutions for improving urban management and quality of life a priori, they also raise major challenges and risks.
This book explores the constituent dimensions of the so-called smart city from two singular angles: the new uses stimulated by innovations and the needs that these innovations fill (mobility, food, culture, tourism, housing, etc.).
Based on research carried out by the CitUs International Chair in collaboration with the cities of Montpellier and Montreal, The Smart and Resilient City explores the impact of digital, ecological and social transformations on urban management and the lives of city dwellers. It provides essential and engaging reading for the academic community in cities in transition, helping public and private decision-makers to develop new territorial projects that combine innovation with individual and collective well-being.
Contents
Preface xiii
Gilles N'GOALA, Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER and Fabien DURIF
Introduction Smart City: Lives in Transition xv
Gilles N'GOALA, Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER and Fabien DURIF
Part 1 The Smart City: What Transitions? 1
Introduction to Part 1 3
Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER
Chapter 1 Protection 7
Inès KOLLI and Philippe COHARD
1.1 Introduction: a sustainable and sober city 7
1.2 Digital city and sober city: reconcilable issues 8
1.3 A qualitative study for better understanding the development of smart cities in view of sobriety 13
1.3.1 A techno-centric approach to the smart city 13
1.3.2 Different visions between experts and citizens of the smart city 14
1.4 Sustainable and sober city: key points 16
1.5 Conclusion 17
1.6 Appendix: profiles of respondents to the qualitative study 18
1.7 References 19
Chapter 2 Including People 23
Léa CAUCHARD
2.1 Introduction: a digital city for all citizens 23
2.2 Understanding "digital inequalities": citizens' relationship to digital technology 25
2.2.1 The phenomenon of the digital divide 25
2.2.2 Differentiation of digital uses 25
2.2.3 Digital technology, vector of exclusion or vector of inclusion 26
2.3 Digital inclusion at the level of the smart city: designing digital pathways for all citizens 28
2.3.1 The inclusion process: action frameworks for urban stakeholders 28
2.3.2 Inclusive design: theoretical foundations 29
2.4 Going further in inclusive and digital design: considering citizens' perceptions 30
2.5 Conclusion: a new approach to digital inclusion for supporting citizens during the digital transition of the city 33
2.6 References 34
Chapter 3 Co-creating 37
Isabelle BORIES-AZEAU and Jessica CLEMENT
3.1 Introduction: the smart city, toward a new model of governance 37
3.2 A proposed framework of analysis 38
3.2.1 Urban governance: networked governance 38
3.2.2 Creation of public value, a challenge for participatory democracy 38
3.3 Methodology 41
3.4 Results 44
3.4.1 Amsterdam 44
3.4.2 Johannesburg 45
3.4.3 London 46
3.4.4 Melbourne 47
3.4.5 Montpellier (Montpellier metropolitan area) 48
3.4.6 Ottawa 49
3.5 Conclusion 50
3.6 References 51
Chapter 4 Reassuring 55
Audrey PORTES and Gilles N'GOALA
4.1 Introduction: a transparent city, from reality to illusion 55
4.2 Definition of a transparent smart city 57
4.2.1 Smart city and transparency 57
4.2.2 Digital transparency at the heart of a new social contract between citizens and decision-makers 60
4.3 Transparency and trust: the causalities 62
4.3.1 From transparency to the establishment of a digital society of trust: a complex path 62
4.3.2 The illusion of transparency: between citizen trust and distrust 64
4.4 Empowerment of citizens as a condition for true digital transparency 66
4.4.1 Empowering citizens to act and to control the digital public space 66
4.4.2 Empowering citizens to understand digital technology in the city 68
4.4.3 Empowering citizens to act collectively to preserve their privacy and individual freedoms 70
4.5 Conclusion 72
4.6 References 73
Chapter 5 Involvement 77
Julie JAMMES, Gilles N'GOALA and Pauline FOLCHER
5.1 Introduction: a socially acceptable innovative city at the service of citizen participation 77
5.2 The socially acceptable city: toward new registers of legitimacy for innovation 79
5.2.1 The social acceptability of innovation: making the innovative city a socially acceptable living space 79
5.2.2 Toward a remediation of controversial technology to reach a social compromise 81
5.3 The role of communication: a challenge to make the innovative city socially acceptable 83
5.4 Effectively raising awareness among users about innovation 87
5.5 References 89
Chapter 6 Informing 93
Ambre GAMBIN
6.1 Introduction: fighting the spread of fake news in the smart city 93
6.2 A technological environment facilitating the spread of misleading information 94
6.2.1 The central role of social media in disseminating fake news online 94
6.2.2 Involvement of automated technologies in the distortion of reality 96
6.3 Technological innovation in the service of detecting false information 98
6.3.1 Identifying fake news using artificial intelligence 98
6.3.2 The importance of content moderation on social media 99
6.4 Protecting yourself from fake news in the smart city: the need for human resources 101
6.4.1 Setting the record straight with fact-checking 101
6.4.2 Preventing the spread of the disinformation virus: inoculation and media literacy 103
6.5 References 105
Part 2 The Smart City: What Lifestyle for Citizens? 107
Introduction to Part 2 109
Gilles N'GOALA
Chapter 7 Inhabiting 113
Sarah MUSSOL and Pauline FOLCHER
7.1 Introduction: everyday life in the smart city 113
7.2 Inhabiting tomorrow: representations of housing in the smart city 114
7.2.1 Stories of inhabiting tomorrow 115
7.2.2 Representations of the habitat of the future 117
7.3 Political visions of inhabiting tomorrow 119
7.3.1 Political discourse of the smart city 119
7.3.2 Prospective scenarios for the habitat of tomorrow 120
7.3.3 Political discourse as the basis for political action 121
7.4 Residential practices in the smart cities of tomorrow 123
7.5 References 124
Chapter 8 Eating 127
Karine GARCIA, Andréa GOURMELEN and Angélique RODHAIN
8.1 Introduction: creating a smart food environment, the case of the city of Montpellier 127
8.2 The smart city on food issues 128
8.2.1 Reality 128
8.2.2 The importance of an interest in accessibility to healthy food in smart cities 129
8.2.3 Accessibility of healthy eating 130
8.2.4 A food environment at the collective and individual level 131
8.3 The case of the city of Montpellier 132
8.3.1 Context of the city and its food policy 132
8.3.2 Ma cantine autrement (MCA): an innovative approach to a familiar target for the city 134
8.3.3 The Food City: a project to broaden the target audience of the city's actions 139
8.3.4 La Maison de l'alimentation solidaire (Solidarity Food House): third place and target audience 141
8.4 Conclusion 146
8.5 References 147
Chapter 9 Smart Culture, Immersion, Co-creation and Public Engagement 151
Olga GONCALVES, Camille LACAN and Gilles N'GOALA
9.1 Introduction 151
9.2 The digital in search of legitimation 152
9.3 Toward new cultural trails: creation or destruction of value for audiences 156
9.4 From accessibility to the appropriation of cultural experience by the public 159
9.5 Public engagement or disengagement 162
9.6 Conclusion: smart culture, smart people 164
9.7 References 167
Chapter 10 Consuming 171
Fabien DURIF
10.1 Introduction: claims of better consumption in the city of tomorrow 171
10.2 The need to move toward more "sustainable" consumption 173
10.2.1 A diversity of practices serving more "sustainable" consumption 174
10.2.2 Building pro-social and pro-environmental attitudes to achieve more "sustainable" consumption 175
10.3 Thinking of the city of tomorrow as a living laboratory for sustainable consumption 176
10.3.1 The city: a "legitimate" actor promoting more sustainable consumption 178
10.3.2 Making the city of tomorrow a space for sharing 179
10.4 Conclusion: challenges linked to sustainable consumption at the territorial level 179
10.5 References 179
Chapter 11 Moving Around 183
Sara LAURENT and Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER
11.1 Introduction: integrating marketing into mobility policies 183
11.2 Demand management for low-carbon mobility 185
11.2.1 Acting on mobility: the key role of demand management 185
11.2.2 Incentives or constraints 186
11.3 Supporting changes initiated by public policies through marketing 187
11.3.1 Resistance to active mobility policies 187
11.3.2 The value of a marketing approach for demand management 188
11.4 Effective design of MaaS solutions using nudge and gamification 190
11.4.1 Understanding and distinguishing nudge and gamification 190
11.4.2 State of the art of digital solutions to encourage active mobility 191
11.4.3 Enhancing the effectiveness of nudge and gamification through fine user segmentation 193
11.5 Conclusion 193
11.6 References 194
Chapter 12 Traveling 199
Intissar ABBES and Arnaud MAES
12.1 Introduction: technology enhancing the hospitality experience at the heart of a smart destination 199
12.2 Hospitality and its meanings 200
12.3 The contributions of digital technology to territorial tourist hospitality 202
12.4 Locals: new ambassadors for a smart destination 205
12.5 Virtual hospitality, a reflection of territorial hospitality 206
12.6 Technology and prejudice: the dark side of virtual hospitality 207
12.7 Technology supporting a more hospitable destination for its residents 208
12.8 Conclusion 210
12.9 References 210
Chapter 13 Healing 215
Blandine CHAPEL and Sarah GARIDI
13.1 Introduction: connected care, digital health in smart cities 215
13.2 Embedding digital health in smart cities 216
13.2.1 Definition and challenges of digital health in smart cities 216
13.2.2 Digital health in smart cities: opportunity or menace for meeting the challenges of 4P medicine 219
13.3 Creation of solutions and initiatives in territories: when actors mobilize to innovate 221
13.3.1 Interdisciplinary approach to chronic diseases 221
13.3.2 Lockdown: an opportunity for better accessibility to care 224
13.4 Rethinking coordination of pathways across the territory: shared digital platforms 225
13.4.1 Patient care pathways: coordination through information systems 225
13.4.2 Coordination system for pathway relevance 227
13.5 Conclusion 229
13.6 References 230
Chapter 14 Learning 235
Sara LAURENT
14.1 Introduction: creating new learning experiences accessible to all 235
14.2 Designing new learning experiences 236
14.2.1 A variety of tools for an enhanced learning experience 236
14.2.2 Motivations to adopt digital technologies for designing new learning experiences 237
14.3 Thinking about the accessibility of new learning experiences 239
14.3.1 At learner level 239
14.3.2 Within institutions and among teachers 239
14.4 Conclusion: challenges linked to education at the territorial level 240
14.5 References 241
Conclusion Shaping the Digitized City 243
Nicolas MERVEILLE
List of Authors 257
Index 259
