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Full Description
Since 2014, more than 60 million people have been displaced from their homes across the Middle East and Africa. The European Refugee Crisis, as it has come to be known, is now the largest such crisis since the aftermath of World War II. How have local communities reacted to the influx of asylum seekers? And what can we learn from their responses?
Frances Trix here offers a wide-ranging ethnographical and anthropological study of local, individual responses to refugees, from Macedonia to Germany. Based on extensive interviews and field work in Europe, Trix focuses for the first time on the ways that refugees have been welcomed - or not, as the case may be - by various individuals and communities. Her work ranges from Macedonians who established an NGO and lobbied to allow the refugees to use the train, to the police charged with border management; from a German organic food store owner who by her actions set the positive tone in her village, a retired IT manager who coordinates refugee volunteers for his entire town, to the district work organisation director who deems refugees unsuitable for multiple reasons. The material is measured throughout against Trix's anthropological experience, as well as reference to the historical and political contexts in which events are unfolding. This book is essential reading for all those working on the refugee crisis and the prospects - both local and global - for the future.
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Prologue
Introduction
Focus
Researcher Quandaries and Stratagems
Important Influences
Style
Organization
1. What Affects Attitudes Toward Refugees
National Leadership
Earlier Refugees in Europe
Postwar Refugees: Expulsions, Escapees, to "Ethnic Cleansing"
Postwar Immigrants
Anti-Immigrant Violence to Pro-Immigrant Consensus
The "Alternative for Germany:" Pegida and AfD
Forgotten Connections of Germany and Islam
Reflection on Attitudes Toward Refugees
PART I. Entry to Europe through Macedonia - Transit of Refugees
2. NGOs and Local Responses
Macedonia and Refugees
Jasmin Redjepi's Response: Establish an NGO with Friends
Lence Zdravkin's Response: Feed Those Who Pass By
3. Refugee Transit Camps
Tabanovce on the Northern Border
Gevgelija on the Southern Border
Reflection on Refugee Transit Camps
PART II. Inside Germany - Accommodation of Refugees
4. Responses of Villages
The First Village and First Refugee
The Second Village of Elzach: Whose People Made Wise Decisions
The Third Village: Whose People Worked Yet Missed the Mark
5. Responses of Towns and Smaller Cities
Bruchsal: A Town with Dedicated Volunteers and Leaders
Bamberg: A University Town Where Research Did Not Work
Nürnberg: A Central City of Immigrants and Refugees
Schwäbisch Gmünd: A Town of Integrated Civic Engagement
6. Responses of Large Cities
Munich: The Rule-Tight City
Cologne: Toleration and Organization Spread across the Rhine
Hamburg: The Northern City of Visionary Programs
7. Toward Integration
Major Issues in Integration: Access to the Labor Market
Major Issues in Integration: Education
Major Issues in Integration: Urban Planning
Major Issues in Integration: Social Cohesion
Conclusion
Positive Initiatives and Strategies for Success
Emphasis on Leadership at the Local Level
Purpose Rexamined
Notes
Bibliography
Index
