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Compendium of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 2: Hydrogen Storage, Distribution and Infrastructure focuses on the storage and transmission of hydrogen. As many experts believe the hydrogen economy will, at some point, replace the fossil fuel economy as the primary source of the world's energy, this book details hydrogen storage in pure form, including chapters on hydrogen liquefaction, slush production, as well as underground and pipeline storage.
Other sections in the book explore physical and chemical storage, including environmentally sustainable methods of hydrogen production from water, with final chapters dedicated to hydrogen distribution and infrastructure.
Contents
List of contributors
Part One: Hydrogen storage in pure form
1: Introduction to hydrogen storage
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Physical storage
1.3 Material-based hydrogen storage
2: Hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen storage
Abstract
Acknowledgments
2.1 Introduction: Why liquefying hydrogen?
2.2 Basics of cryogenic liquefaction
2.3 Hydrogen thermodynamic properties at ambient and low temperatures
2.4 Large-scale hydrogen liquefaction and storage
2.5 Advantages and disadvantages
2.6 Current uses of liquid hydrogen
2.7 Sources of further information and advice
3: Slush hydrogen production, storage, and transportation
Abstract
3.1 Introduction: What is slush hydrogen?
3.2 Hydrogen energy system using slush hydrogen
3.3 Thermophysical properties of slush hydrogen
3.4 Process of producing and storing slush hydrogen
3.5 Density and mass flow meters for slush hydrogen
3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of transporting slush hydrogen via pipeline
3.7 Uses of stored slush and liquid hydrogen
3.8 Conclusions
3.9 Future trends
3.10 Sources of future information and advice
Appendix A Production
Appendix B Flow and heat transfer
Appendix C Measurement instrumentation
4: Underground and pipeline hydrogen storage
Abstract
Acknowledgments
4.1 Underground hydrogen storage as an element of energy cycle
4.2 Scientific problems related to UHS
4.3 Biochemical transformations of underground hydrogen
4.4 Hydrodynamic losses of H2 in UHS
4.5 Other problems
4.6 Pipeline storage of hydrogen
Part Two: Physical and chemical storage of hydrogen
5: Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage
Abstract
Acknowledgments
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage
5.3 Performance of onboard storage system
5.4 Well-to-tank efficiency
5.5 Assessment of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage and outlook
6: Adsorption of hydrogen on carbon nanostructure
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 General considerations for physisorption of hydrogen on carbon nanostructures
6.3 Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes
6.4 Activated carbons
6.5 Layered graphene nanostructures
6.6 Zeolite-templated carbons
6.7 Conclusion
7: Metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen storage
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Synthetic considerations
7.3 Cryo-temperature hydrogen storage at low and high pressures
7.4 Room temperature hydrogen storage at high pressure
7.5 Nanoconfinement of chemical hydrides in MOFs
7.6 Conclusions and future trends
8: Other methods for the physical storage of hydrogen
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Storage of compressed hydrogen in glass microcontainers
8.3 Hydrogen physisorption in porous materials
8.4 Hydrogen hydrate clathrates
8.5 Conclusions and outlook
9: Use of carbohydrates for hydrogen storage
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Converting carbohydrates to hydrogen by SyPaB
9.3 Challenges of carbohydrates as hydrogen storage and respective solutions
9.4 Future carbohydrate-to-hydrogen systems
9.5 Conclusions
9.6 Sources of future information and advice
10: Conceptual density functional theory (DFT) approach to all-metal aromaticity and hydrogen storage
Abstract
Acknowledgments
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background of conceptual DFT
10.3 All-metal aromaticity
10.4 Role of aromaticity in hydrogen storage
10.5 Case studies of possible hydrogen-storage materials with the aid of CDFT
10.6 Future trends
Part Three: Hydrogen distribution and infrastructure
11: Introduction to hydrogen transportation
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Overview of methods for hydrogen transportation
11.3 Difficulties involved with the transportation of hydrogen
11.4 Future trends
11.5 Sources of further information and advice
12: Hydrogen transportation by pipelines
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Current hydrogen pipelines
12.3 Principles of transportation of hydrogen
12.4 Gas transportation principles
12.5 Pipeline transportation of hydrogen gas
12.6 Conclusion
12.7 Future trends
12.8 Further reading
13: Progress in hydrogen energy infrastructure development—addressing technical and institutional barriers
Abstract
Acknowledgments
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Recent progress in hydrogen infrastructure in the United States
13.3 Recent progress in hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell bus demonstrations in China
13.4 Conclusions
14: Designing optimal infrastructures for delivering hydrogen to consumers
Abstract
Acknowledgments
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Building blocks of hydrogen infrastructure
14.3 Review of hydrogen infrastructure models
14.4 Case study: Decarbonizing UK transport demand with hydrogen vehicles
14.5 Results
14.6 Conclusions
Appendix
15: Investment in the infrastructure for hydrogen passenger cars—New hype or reality?
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Uncertainties surrounding the investment in hydrogen infrastructure
15.3 Implementation of the early infrastructure: case studies
15.4 Future trends
15.5 Conclusions
15.6 Sources of further information and advice
Index
