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Full Description
This book is intended to help readers reduce the unwanted costs and ramifications of friction, wear, and erosion in tribosystems by recommending engineering materials that have proven to be successful in dealing with these issues. Recommendations on which tool materials work best, what are the most abrasion-resistant plastics, where should ceramics be used, and where do lubrication and coatings fit in are included. The purpose of the book is to offer engineering material suggestions that practicing material engineers have found to work in many applications based on more than 40 years of research and testing of tribomaterials.
The first few chapters review the fundamentals of friction and how to deal with friction in design. The following chapters describe types of erosion and wear and the tests that are used to screen candidate material. All the important engineering materials (steels, cast irons, copper alloys, stainless steels, plastics/elastomer, and ceramics) receive a chapter describing their tribological characteristics and results of lab testing on candidates for applications. Surface engineering to alter contact surfaces is addressed. The book ends with a chapter on the use of lubricants to reduce friction and wear and a chapter on biotribology that summarizes important concepts and studies dealing with friction and wear in biological systems. The last chapter discusses the methodology of selecting materials for use in tribosystems.
This book is purposely written in a conversational style making it accessible to anybody who has a friction, wear, erosion, or lubrication issue that needs to be addressed. There are questions at the end of each chapter for those who would like to teach an engineering course on tribomaterials. The book is also a source of another lab's (Bud Labs) test results for review by tribology researchers.
Contents
Chapter 1 - Tribology, Tribosystems, and Related Terminology
1.1 Wear of Materials
1.2 Tribology
1.3 Tribomaterials
1.4 Terminology
Chapter 2 - The Mechanisms and Manifestations of Friction
2.1 Historical Development of Concept
2.2 Friction Laws
2.3 Types of Friction and Mechanisms
2.4 Friction is Energy Dissipation
2.5 Rolling Friction
2.6 Friction Produced by Fluids
2.7 Measuring Friction Forces
2.8 Effect of Speed Force and Environment on Friction
2.9 Lubricated Friction
Chapter 3 - Dealing with Friction in Design Engineering
3.1 Use of Coefficients of Friction
3.2 Determination of Friction Coefficients for Tribosystems
3.3 Rolling Friction
3.4 Lubricated Tribosystems
3.5 Metal-to-Metal Friction
3.6 Plastic-to-Metal and Plastic-to-Plastic Friction
3.7 Elastomer Friction
3.8 Friction of Ceramics
3.9 Friction Materials
Chapter 4 - Types of Wear and Erosion and Their Mechanisms
4.1 The Difference Between Wear and Erosion
4.2 Types of Erosion
4.3 Types of Wear
4.4 Tribocorrosion
4.5 Biotribology
Chapter 5 - Tribotesting
5.1 The Need for Tribotesting
5.2 Tribotesting Methodology
5.3 General Considerations
5.4 Erosion Testing
5.5 Adhesive Wear Testing
5.6 Abrasion Tests
Chapter 6 - Tribological Properties of Copper Alloys
6.1 Applications
6.2 Mechanical Properties
6.3 Physical Properties
6.4 Forms Available
6.5 Friction
6.6 Adhesive Wear
6.7 Abrasive Wear
6.8 Erosion
Chapter 7 - Tribological Properties of Cast Irons
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Metallurgy
7.3 Physical Properties
7.4 Mechanical Properties
7.5 Chemical Properties
7.6 Important Grades for Tribological Applications
7.7 Friction
7.8 Adhesive Wear
7.9 Abrasion Resistance
7.10 Erosion
Chapter 8 - Tribological Properties of Steels
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Forms Available
8.3 Metallurgy
8.4 Physical Properties
8.5 Mechanical Properties
8.6 Friction
8.7 Adhesive Wear
8.8 Abrasive Wear
8.9 Erosion
8.10 Cast steels
Chapter 9 - Tribological Properties of Stainless Steels and Other Corrosion-Resisting Metals
9.1 Corrosion and Wear
9.2 Stainless Steels
9.3 Other Metals Used for Corrosive Service
9.4 Light Metals
Chapter 10 - Tribological Properties of Ceramics, Cermets, and Cemented Carbides
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Ceramics
10.3 Cermets
10.4 Cemented Carbides
Chapter 11 - Tribology of Plastics and Elastomers
11.1 Typical Uses
11.2 Plastics Properties
11.3 Plastics for Abrasive Wear Applications
11.4 Friction in Plastic Tribosystems
11.5 Plastics for Adhesive Wear Applications
11.6 Plastics for Erosion Applications
11.7 Polymer Composites
11.8 Rubbers and Elastomers
Chapter 12 - Material Modifications (Coatings, Treatments, etc.) for Tribological Applications
12.1 When to Use Materials Modifications
12.2 The Spectrum of Modifications
12.3 Modifications to Harden Surfaces
12.4 Material Modifications for Improved Lubrication
12.5 Treatments for Appearance
12.6 Treatments for Corrosion Resistance
12.7 Treatments for Abrasion Resistance
12.8 Friction
12.9 Adhesive Wear Treatments
12.10 Treatments of Erosion
Chapter 13 - Biotribology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Dental Tribology
13.3 Orthopedics
13.4 Sensing and Perception
13.5 Personal Care Products
13.6 Medical Devices
13.7 Eyewear Materials
13.8 Biocompatibility
13.9 Skin
Chapter 14 - Tribology of Lubricants
14.1 Oils
14.2 Greases
14.3 Solid Lubricants
14.4 Metal Working Fluids
14.5 Traction Fluids
14.6 Lubrication Fundamentals
14.7 Lubricant Life
Chapter 15 - Selection of Materials for Tribosystems
15.1 The Role of Tribology in Selection
15.2 Copper Alloys
15.3 Cast Irons
15.4 Steels
15.5 Stainless Steels and Corrosion-Resisting Metals
15.6 Nickel Alloys
15.7 Titanium Alloys
15.8 Gold and Silver
15.9 Zinc
15.10 Tin
15.11 Aluminum Alloys
15.12 Ceramics, Cermets and Cemented Carbides
15.13 Plastics and Elastomers
15.14 Selection of Material Modifications
15.15 Lubricant Selection
15.16 Selection Methodology
15.17 Use of a Selection Matrix
Chapter 16 - Appendix
