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Full Description
The past five decades have witnessed a rapid growth of computer models for simulating ecosystem functions and dynamics. This has been fueled by the availability of remote sensing data, computation capability, and cross-disciplinary knowledge. These models contain many submodules for simulating different processes and forcing mechanisms, albeit it has become challenging to truly understand the details due to their complexity. Most ecosystem models, fortunately, are rooted in a few core biophysical foundations, such as the widely recognized Farquhar model, Ball-Berry-Leuning and Medlyn family models, Penman-Monteith equation, Priestley-Taylor model, and Michaelis-Menten kinetics. After an introduction of biophysical essentials, four chapters present the core algorithms and their behaviors in modeling ecosystem production, respiration, evapotranspiration, and global warming potentials. Each chapter is composed of a brief introduction of the literature, in which model algorithms, their assumptions, and performances are described in detail. Spreadsheet (or Python codes) templates are included in each chapter for modeling exercises with different input parameters as online materials, which include datasets, parameter estimation, and real-world applications (e.g., calculations of global warming potentials). Users can also apply their own datasets. The materials included in this volume serve as effective tools for users to understand model behaviors and uses with specified conditions and in situ applications.
Contents
Contents Foreword, by Dennis Baldocchi Preface List of Online Supplementary Materials List of Symbols 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Diurnal Changes of Air Temperature and Humidity 1.3 Atmosphere Water Vapor Pressure and VPD 1.4 Solar Radiation 1.5 Heat Storages in Soil, Air and Vegetation 1.6 Vertical Profile of Wind Speed 1.7 Energy Balance 1.8 Summary Online Supplementary Materials References 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Core Biophysical Models for Ecosystem Production 2.4 Model Performances 2.5 Summary Acknowledgments References 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Models for Ecosystem Respiration 3.3 Measured Datasets for Modeling Soil Respiration 3.4 Model Performances 3.5 Summary Online Supplementary Materials Acknowledgments References 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methods for Quantifying ET 4.3 ET Models 4.4 Model Demonstrations 4.5 Summary Acknowledgments References 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Calculating GWP of Greenhouse Gases 5.3 Calculating GWP from Surface Albedo 5.4 Case Examples Online Supplementary Materials References Index Authors
