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Full Description
Covering topics ranging from web filters to laws aimed at preventing the flow of information, this book explores freedom—and censorship—of the Internet and considers the advantages and disadvantages of policies at each end of the spectrum.
Combining reference entries with perspective essays, this timely book undertakes an impartial exploration of Internet censorship, examining the two sides of the debate in depth. On the one side are those who believe censorship, to a greater or lesser degree, is acceptable; on the other are those who play the critical role of information freedom fighters. In Internet Censorship: A Reference Handbook, experts help readers understand these diverse views on Internet access and content viewing, revealing how both groups do what they do and why.
The handbook shares key events associated with the Internet's evolution, starting with its beginnings and culminating in the present. It probes the motivation of newsmakers like Julian Assange, the Anonymous, and WikiLeaks hacker groups, and of risk-takers like Private Bradley Manning. It also looks at ways in which Internet censorship is used as an instrument of governmental control and at the legal and moral grounds cited to defend these policies, addressing, for example, why the governments of China and Iran believe it is their duty to protect citizens by filtering online content believed to be harmful.
Contents
Preface
1 Background and History
Internet Censorship Defined
Censorship versus National Security, and Why There Will Never be Total Freedom of the Press or a Total Lack of Press and Internet Censorship
Adequate Information Release by Governments versus Internet Censorship: WikiLeaks, Manning, and Snowden
What the Internet Is as Compared to an Intranet
The Internet's Colorful History: Internet Development, Hacking Exploits, and (Eventually) Concerns about Internet Censorship
The Global Growth of Internet Usage
Gaining Authorized and Unauthorized Access to the Internet—and How Hacking May Be Related to Internet Censorship
Online Users' Concerns about Censorship and the General State of Online Censorship in 2012
Conclusion
References
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
A Look at PC, Mobile Phone, and Internet Usage Globally
Cultural and Legal Jurisdictional Factors Influencing the Digital Divide
The Differences between Freedom of Information, Internet Freedom, and Internet Censorship
Recent Trends in Internet Censorship According to the Freedom on the Net 2012 Report
Online Activities in Jurisdictions "Under the Microscope": Their Strong Support for Internet Openness and Their Hard-Core Tactics Used to Reinforce Internet Censorship
The Role of Web Filters and Firewalls, Business-Government Policies, and Laws Aimed at Internet Censorship
The Internet's Continuing Evolution: A Comparison of Internet Censorship in 2005 and 2012
Key Tactics That Have Restricted Free Speech and Encouraged Internet Censorship in Countries in Recent Years
How Can Progress Continue to Be Made in Reducing Internet Censorship?
Conclusion
References
3 Perspectives
Hacktivism, Cyber Warriors, and Censorship, Thomas J. Holt
Internet Censorship and the European Union: External Cohesiveness versus Internal Disharmony, Michael Johns
30 Years after Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four: Pseudo-Privacy Online, Michael Bachmann
Cybersecurity Is Not Censorship, Dorothy E. Denning
Between Liberty and Harmony: Philosophical Perspectives on Censorship in the Age of the Internet, Alanda D. Theriault
4 Profiles
2600: The Hacker Quarterly
American Civil Liberties Union
Anonymous
Julian Assange (1971-)
Black Hat and DefCon Hacker Conferences
The Page-Brin Google, Inc. Team
Canada's Copyright Modernization Act of 2012 (Formerly Bill C-11)
Cran Campbell (1949-)
Center for Internet and Society
Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto
Copyright Armageddon: 3D Printers
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Freedom House
William H. Gates (a.k.a Bill Gates) (1955-)
Iceland's Planned Internet Porn Ban
Steve Jobs (1955-2011) and Steve Wozniak ("The Woz") (1950-)
Liu Xiabo (1955-) and Liu Xia (1959-)
Bradley Manning (a.k.a Chelsea 1988-)
OpenNet Initiative
Psiphon Software
Public Knowledge
Reporters Without Borders
Neda Salehi (1983-2009)
Yekaterina Samutsevich (1983-)
Edward Snowden (1984-)
Aaron Swartz (1987-2013)
The Censorware Project
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
WikiLeaks
Malala Yousafzai (1998-)
Bassem Youssef (1975-)
References
5 Data and Documents
Statistics on Internet Usage Worldwide
A Closer Look at the Freedom on the Net 2012 Findings
Internet Legislation in the United States Related to Privacy, Security, Trust, and Censorship
18 U.S.C.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
Gramm-Leach Bliley Act of 1999 (Financial Services Modernization Act)
Trademark Law, Patent Law, and the U.S. Anti-cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999
USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and PATRIOT Act II
Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2002 or Homeland Security Act of 2002
PROTECT Act of 2003, COPPA of 1998, and CIPA of 2000
CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2005/2002
Recent Internet Laws Not Passed in the United States Related to Privacy, Security, Trust, and Censorship: CISPA, SOPA, and PIPA—and Why
SOPA and PIPA
Internet Legislation Attempts Globally Related to Privacy, Security,Trust, and Censorship: The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
The United Nations: Unprecedented Power over Web Content and Infrastructure?
Conclusion
References
6 Resources
7 Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author
