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Full Description
Archaeologists define stone artifacts that are altered by or used to alter other items through abrasion, pecking, or polishing as "ground stone". This includes mortars and pestles, abraders, polishers stones, and hammerstones, and artifacts shaped by abrasion or pecking, such as axes, pipes, figurines, ornaments, and architectural pieces.
The first edition of Ground Stone Analysis sparked interest around the world. In the decade following its publication, there have been many advances in scientific technology and developments in ethnographic and experimental research. The second edition incorporates these advances, including examples of international research that have utilized a technological approach to ground stone analysis. This study presents a flexible yet structured method for analysing and classifying stone artifacts. These techniques record important attributes based on design, manufacturing, and use and are applicable to any collection in the world.
The methods presented guide quantitative and qualitative assessments of artifacts and assemblages. Recording forms and instructions for completing them will be available on the University of Utah Press's open access portal at www.UofUpress.com. Ground Stone Analysis is an important, useful reference for any archaeological field worker or student who encounters ground stone artifacts and is interested in learning more about the people who used them.
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Part 1. A Foundation for Research
1. The Groundwork
Determining Function
Laying a Foundation for Analysis
Classifying Ground Stone
2. Grinding Technology and Technological Analysis Design and Manufacture
Use
Wear
Use-Wear Analysis
Kinematics
Disuse, or the Afterlife
Data Collection
Answering Research Questions
Analysis Strategy
3. Resources for Modeling Tool Use and Technological Behavior
Photographs
Ethnography
Experimental Replication
Designing Experimental Research
Part 2. Artifact Descriptions4. Abrading, Smoothing, and Polishing Tools
Abraders and Smoothers
Polishers
Hide-Processing Stones
5. Grinding and Pulverizing Tools
Manos and Metates
Mortars
Pitted and Cupped Stones
Pestles
Handstones
Netherstones
Grinding Slabs
Lapstones
Palettes
6. Percussion Tools
Hammerstones
Pecking Stones
Choppers
Chisels
Crushers and Fergoliths
Pottery Anvils
Lithic Anvils
7. Hafted Percussion Tools
Axes
Mauls
Picks
Adzes
Mattocks
Hoes
Tchamahias
8. Spinning Tools
Fire-Drill Hearths
Spindle Bases
Whorls
9. Perforating, Cutting, and Scraping Tools
Awls
Reamers
Tabular Tools
Saws and Files
Planes
10. Paraphernalia
Atlatl Parts
Balls
Bell Stones
Cruciforms
Cylinders and Medicine Stones
Plummets and Weights
Disks
Lightning Stones
Pipes and Tubes
Shaped Stones
Pigments
Personal Ornaments
Figurines
Ecofacts
11. Containers and Container Closures
Bowls and Censers
Trays
Closures
12. Structural Stones
Loomblocks
Cooking Stones
Trivets
Fire-Cracked RockAppendix A. General Artifact Form
Appendix B. Handstone Form
Appendix C. Netherstone Form
Appendix D. Hafted Tool Form
Appendix E. Grooved Artifact Form
Appendix F. Perforated Artifact Form
Glossary
References Cited
Index
