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This ground-breaking new volume explores when, why, and how race and ethnicity matter in U.S. politics. Using the metaphor of a road, with twists, turns, and dead ends, Uneven Roads begins with an introduction to broad political racialization and the roots of modern interpretations of race and ethnicity. Historical chapters on each of the five groups identified in the U.S. Census-Native American, African American, Latino, Asian American, and White-offer an engaging narrative on race, prejudice, equal rights and opportunity up to the 1960s. Policy and social issue chapters carry the story up to the present day, providing a wide lens on topics including voting rights, political representation, education and criminal justice policies, and the immigrant experience. A final chapter on intersectionality examines how groups go beyond the boundaries of race and ethnicity to come together on matters of class, gender, and sexuality. No other book on the market maps U.S. race and ethnic politics with the same breadth and scope as Uneven Roads. The book's structure and narrative are designed to encourage comparison and reflection. Students are provided with the history and context of U.S. race and ethnic politics and build the skills to apply their own conclusions. Centred in political science, but with interdisciplinary appeal, this text provides both a sobering and hopeful assessment of American racial progress.
Contents
PART IChapter 1: Introduction: Race as an Uneven RoadDoes Race Still Matter?Defining Race, Ethnicity, and RacismRacial Classification, Citizenship, and Group StatusThe Uneven Road of Race: Our FrameworkConclusion: The Journey AheadDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsPART II: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONSChapter 2: Native Americans: The Road from Majority to Minority, 1500s-1970sNative Communities in North AmericaRising Tensions: Native Americans and the New United States, 1776-1830sU.S. Federal Policy Erodes Indian Rights, 1830sThe Civil War and Its Aftermath: Slaveholding and the Fourteenth AmendmentU.S. Federal Policy: Assimilation versus Culture and Sovereignty, 1870s-1950sTermination of Federal Support of Tribes, 1945-1950sCivil Rights and Self-Determination, 1960s-1970sConclusion: A Continuing Struggle for Equal RightsDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 3: The African American Political Journey, 1500s-1965Race, Slavery and the Origins of African Americans, 1500s - 1790sThe Early American Republic and Black Political Resistance, 1770s-1865The Antebellum Black Community and Political ResistanceThe Civil War and Its Aftermath, 1860-1877Black Politics in the Jim Crow Era, 1880-1940The Second Reconstruction: Postwar and Civil Rights Movement Era, 1950s-1960sConclusion: The Road to Black Politics Up to 1965Discussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 4: The Road toward Contemporary Latino Politics, 1500s-1970sThe Road's Colonial Beginnings, 1493-1850Destruction of Mexican American Politics, Late 1800sThe Rebirth of Mexican-American Politics, 1900-1960From Civic Activism to Political EngagementDiffering Paths: Puerto Ricans and Cubans, 1890s-1950sCivil Rights and Ethnic Nationalism in Latino Communities, 1960s-1970sConclusion: Latinos as a Pan-Ethnic GroupDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 5: Different and Common Asian American Roads, 1800s-1960sThe Racialization of Asian AmericansEuropean Imperialism and Asian EmigrationImmigration and Economics before the Anti-Asian Zenith, Up to the 1870sEarly Community Formation among Asian AmericansRace, Region, and the Anti-Asian Era, 1870s to 1940sShifts and Declines in the Anti-Asian Era, 1940s-1960sAsian American Political Empowerment in the Civil Rights EraConclusion: The Uneven Roads of Asian American OpportunityDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 6: Whiteness and the Shifting Roads of Immigrant America, 1780s-1960sWho is White? Racial Considerations at the Time of the FoundingLarge-Scale Immigration and Overcoming Ethnic ExclusionWhite Identity at the Dawn of the Civil Rights EraThe State and White AdvantageConclusion: Legacies of Racial Hierarchy and the Roots of Contemporary PoliticsDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsPART III: POLICY AND SOCIAL ISSUESChapter 7: Voting Rights in American LifeMinority Groups and Voting RightsThe Civil Rights Movement as a Foundation for Voting ExpansionCivil Rights and Voting Rights Legislation after 1965Redistricting and Minority RepresentationThe Politics behind the 2006 Early Renewal of the Voting Rights ActThe Long-Term Stability of the Voting Rights ActConclusion: The Role of Race in Contemporary Voting RightsDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 8: Group Identity, Ideology, and ActivismWhy Group Identity, Ideology, and Activism MatterRace, Ethnicity, and Public OpinionRace, Ethnicity, and Political Ideology: The Political Impact of RacializationActivist Pathways to EmpowermentThe Legacy of Grassroots and Civil Rights ActivismConclusion: Mobilizing for a Changed FutureDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 9: Political Behavior and Representation: Minorities' Growing VoiceWhy Is the Minority Vote Important?Minority Civic Engagement: Patterns in ParticipationMinority Ideology and Partisanship: Finding a Place in the U.S. Political SystemMinority Electoral Participation: Unrealized Potential to Influence PoliticsRepresentation: Electing a Voice for Minority InterestsConclusion: Have Minorities Overcome Political Exclusion?Discussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 10: Education and Criminal Justice Policies: Opportunity and AlienationRace, Ethnicity, and Public PolicyPublic Education: Opportunities and DetoursRace, Ethnicity, and Education Policy OutcomesThe Criminal Justice System: Barriers and RoadblocksRace, Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice Policy OutcomesConclusion: Public Policy DestinationsDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 11: Immigration Policy: The Road to Settlement and CitizenshipImmigrant Status and NumbersImmigration Policies before 1965The 1965 Immigration and Nationality AmendmentsU.S. Immigrant Incorporation PoliciesImmigration Reform in the United States TodayConclusion: A Turning Point for U.S. Immigration PolicyDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 12: Diasporic Politics and Foreign AffairsThe Growing Ease of Transnational ActivityThe Roots of Contemporary Transnational Engagement: Family and Community TiesTransnational Activity: Beyond the Immigrant GenerationU.S. Foreign Policy and Minority CommunitiesConclusion: The Political Value of Transnational PoliticsDiscussion QuestionsKey TermsChapter 13: Beyond Race: Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Sexual OrientationThe Still Uneven Roads of Race, Racism, and EthnicityThe Uneven Roads of Identity PoliticsIntersecting Roads: Race, Gender, Class, and Sexual OrientationIlluminated Individualism as a Response to Uneven RoadsConclusion: Prospects for the FutureDiscussion QuestionsKey Terms
