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Catholic Herald Book Awards 2019 Finalist, Current Affairs
"Auzanneau has created a towering telling of a dark and dangerous addiction."—Nature
The story of oil is one of hubris, fortune, betrayal, and destruction. It is the story of a resource that has been undeniably central to the creation of our modern culture, and ever-present during the darkest exploits of empire the world over. For the past 150 years, oil has become the most essential ingredient for economic, military, and political power. And it has brought us to our present moment in which political leaders and the fossil-fuel industry consider extraordinary, and extraordinarily dangerous, policy on a world stage marked by shifting power bases.
Upending the conventional wisdom by crafting a "people's history," award-winning journalist Matthieu Auzanneau deftly traces how oil became a national and then global addiction, outlines the enormous consequences of that addiction, sheds new light on major historical and contemporary figures, and raises new questions about stories we thought we knew well: What really sparked the oil crises in the 1970s, the shift away from the gold standard at Bretton Woods, or even the financial crash of 2008? How has oil shaped the events that have defined our times: two world wars, the Cold War, the Great Depression, ongoing wars in the Middle East, the advent of neoliberalism, and the Great Recession, among them?
With brutal clarity, Oil, Power, and War exposes the heavy hand oil has had in all of our lives—and illustrates how much heavier that hand could get during the increasingly desperate race to control the last of the world's easily and cheaply extractable reserves.
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
I
. . . to 1945
Germination
1 A Seed Is Planted
2 John D. Rockefeller, the Power of Petroleum, and the Spiral of Expansion
3 Sharing the World Market: The First Attempts, at the Cradle of Royal Dutch Shell
4 The Automobile: American Oil Regenerates Capitalism
5 The Tank: American Oil Feeds the Victorious Fighting Machines of the Great War
6 The Roaring 1920s: Consolidating the New Empires
7 Birth of a Petrol-Nation: Iraq
8 The Majors Band Together: A Secretly Planned Industry Weathers the Great Depression Unscathed
9 The Persistent Alliance of Big Oil with Nazi Germany
10 The Enablers of the Second World War
II
1945-1970
Spring
11 After Yalta: The United States and Saudi Arabia Seal their Alliance
12 Washington Gives Absolute Power to American Petroleum
13 Big Oil's Planetary Empire and the Rockefellers' Hegemonic Ambitions
14 Big Oil Asserts Itself: A Matrix of Political Power in Washington
15 Saudi Arabia and Gabon: Nations Spoiled by Oil
16 Cartel Against Cartel: OPEC's Painful Emergence
17 The Leapfrog Effect: Algeria, Biafra, and Libya
18 The Golden Childhood of the Oil-Made Man
III
1970-1998
Summer
19 OPEC: Scapegoat for a 1973 Oil Crisis Made in the USA?
20 Oil Money: After Neocolonialism, a Perilous Symbiosis
21 The Second Oil Crisis: A Deadly Vortex of Power Is Unleashed Around the Persian Gulf
22 The Long Iran-Iraq War: A Lose-Lose Game Orchestrated by the Reagan Administration?
23 The Oil Countershock: The Frenzy of the Reagan Years, the Collapse of the USSR, and the BCCI Scandal
24 Dear Saddam: The Gulf War, the Fate of the Iraqi People, and the Long-Term Interests of Uncle Sam
25 Planetary Harvest: The Time of Scandals
26 Grandeur and Decadence: The Explosion of Opulence, Misery, and the Human Footprint
IV
1998-20??
Autumn
27 Oil's Future Decline Is Announced: The Persian Gulf Returns to the Center of the Chessboard
28 September 11, 2001: A Rogue Pearl Harbor
29 Shocks and Ruptures: The Occupation of Iraq and Crisis of 2008
30 Winter, Tomorrow?
Afterword
Appendices
The Oil Corridor
The Price of Crude Oil: 1861-December 2016
World Production of Petroleum and Substitutes: Historical and Projected
Production by Region, 1965-2013
The Oil Majors
The Persian Gulf Giants
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
