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Full Description
To support future business continuity, growth, and innovation, organizations must transition to IPv6, the next generation protocol for defining how computers communicate over networks. IPv6 Fundamentals provides a thorough yet easy-to-understand introduction to the new knowledge and skills network professionals and students need to deploy and manage IPv6 networks. Leading networking instructor Rick Graziani explains all the basics simply and clearly, one step at a time, providing all the details you'll need to succeed. Building on this introductory coverage, he then introduces more powerful techniques that involve multiple protocols and processes and provides hands-on resources you can rely on for years to come.You'll begin by learning why IPv6 is necessary, how it was created, and how it works. Next, Graziani thoroughly introduces IPv6 addressing, configuration options, and routing protocols, including RIPng, EIGRP for IPv6, and OSPFv3. You'll learn how to integrate IPv6 with IPv4, enabling both protocols to coexist smoothly as you move towards full reliance on IPv6.Throughout, Graziani presents all the IOS command syntax you'll need, offering specific examples, diagrams, and Cisco-focused IPv6 configuration tips. You'll also find links to Cisco white papers and official IPv6 RFCs that support an even deeper understanding.Rick Graziani teaches computer science and computer networking courses at Cabrillo College. He has worked and taught in the computer networking and IT field for nearly 30 years, and currently consults for Cisco and other leading clients. Graziani's recent Cisco Networking Academy Conference presentation on IPv6 Fundamentals and Routing drew a standing audience and the largest virtual audience for any session at the event. He previously worked for companies including Santa Cruz Operation, Tandem Computers, and Lockheed.* Understand how IPv6 overcomes IPv4's key limitations* Compare IPv6 with IPv4 to see what has changed and what hasn't* Represent IPv6 addresses, including subnet addresses* Enable IPv6 on router interfaces using static, dynamic, EUI-64, unnumbered, SLAAC, and DHCPv6 approaches* Improve network operations with ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol* Configure IPv6 addressing and Access Control Lists using a common topology* Work with IPv6 routing tables and configure IPv6 static routes* Compare, configure, and verify each IPv6 IGP routing protocol* Implement stateful and stateless DHCPv6 services* Integrate IPv6 with other upper-level protocols, including DNS, TCP, and UDP* Use dual-stack techniques to run IPv4 and IPv6 on the same device* Establish coexistence between IPv4 and IPv6 through manual, 6to4, or ISATAP tunneling* Promote a smooth transition with NAT64 (Network Address Translation IPv6 to IPv4)* This book is part of the Cisco Press Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques.
Contents
Introduction xviPart I: Background Justification and Perspective for IPv6Chapter 1 Introduction to IPv6 1IPv4 1Early Years of the Internet 2IPv5 5History of IPv6 5Benefits of IPv6 7IPv6: When? 8IPv4 Address Depletion 9CIDR 10NAT and Private Addresses 12Exhaustion of IPv4 Address Space 15Migrating to IPv6 17Chapter 2 The IPv6 Protocol 23IPv4 Header 23IPv6 Header 27Packet Analysis Using Wireshark 31Extension Headers 33Hop-by-Hop Options Extension Header 36Routing Extension Header 38Fragment Extension Header 39IPsec: AH and ESP Extension Headers 40IPsec 40Transport and Tunnel Modes 41Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Extension Header 42Authentication Header (AH) Extension Header 43Destination Options Extension Header 45No Next Header 46Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 46IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparisons 46Other Differences 47Larger Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 47User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 48Fragmentation 48Part II: IPv6: The ProtocolChapter 3 IPv6 Addressing 51Hexadecimal Number System 51Representation of IPv6 Addresses 54Rule 1: Omission of Leading 0s 55Rule 2: Omission of all-0s hextets 57Combining Rule 1 and Rule 2 58Prefix Notation 60Brief Look at IPv6 Address Types 63Unicast Addresses 63Anycast Addresses 64Multicast Addresses 64Structure of a Global Unicast Address 64Global Routing Prefix 65Subnet ID 65Interface ID 653-1-4 Rule 65Putting It Together 67Subnetting 71Extending the Subnet Prefix 73Subnetting on a Nibble Boundary 75Subnetting Within a Nibble 76Limiting the Interface ID Space 77Chapter 4 IPv6 Address Types 81IPv6 Address Space 82Unicast Address 84Global Unicast Address 85Manual Global Unicast Configuration 87Dynamic Configuration 99Link-local Unicast 107Dynamic Link-local Address: EUI-64 109Randomly Generated Interface IDs 110Static Link-local Address 111Link-local Addresses and Duplicate Address Detection 114Link-local Addresses and Default Gateways 115Isolated Link-local Address 116Loopback Address 116Unspecified Address 118Unique Local Address 119IPv4 Embedded Address 121IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Addresses 122IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses 123Multicast 124Assigned Multicast Addresses 127Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 130Anycast Address 132Chapter 5 ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol 139General Message Format 140ICMP Error Messages 144Destination Unreachable 145Packet Too Big 146Path MTU Discovery 147Time Exceeded 148Parameter Problem 149ICMP Informational Messages 149Echo Request and Echo Reply 150Pinging a Global Unicast Address 151Pinging a Link-local Address 153Multicast Listener Discovery 155Neighbor Discovery Protocol 159Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement Messages 160Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement Messages 169Neighbor Cache and Destination Cache 172Address Resolution 174Duplicate Address Detection 180Neighbor Unreachability Detection 182Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 182Redirect Messages 184Chapter 6 IPv6 Configuration 191Configuring Global Unicast Addresses 193Configuring Link-local Addresses 195The ipv6 enable Command 199Configuring a Global Unicast Address with the EUI-64 Option 200Removing an IPv6 Address 202Enabling IPv6 Packet Forwarding and ND Router Advertisements 203Neighbor Cache 205Tuning Neighbor Discovery Parameters 207Final Configurations 213IPv6 Access Control Lists 216Denying Access from FACE:C0DE to CAFE 217Permitting Local Telnet Access 221Part III: Routing IPv6Chapter 7 Introduction to Routing IPv6 227IPv6 Routing Table 228Code: Connected 231Code: Local 233Comparing IPv6 and IPv4 Routing Tables 234Configuring IPv6 Static Routes 237Changing the Administrative Distance 247Final Configurations and Verification 249CEF for IPv6 251Chapter 8 IPv6 IGP Routing Protocols 255RIPng for IPv6 257Comparing RIPng for IPv6 and RIPv2 257Configuring RIPng on Cisco Routers 259Verifying RIPng 264EIGRP for IPv6 272Comparing EIGRP for IPv4 and EIGRP for IPv6 272Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 273Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 278OSPFv3 286Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 287Configuring OSPFv3 289Verifying OSPFv3 293Chapter 9 DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6) 303DHCPv6 Services 303DHCPv6 Terminology, Multicast Addresses, and Message Types 306DHCPv6 Communications 309Configuring Stateless DHCPv6 313Rapid Commit Option 318Configuring the Rapid Commit Option 319Relay Agent Communications 320Configuring the Relay Agent 322Other Upper-Layer Protocols 323DNS 323DNS Query and Response 326TCP and UDP 328Chapter 10 Dual-Stack and Tunneling 333Dual-Stack 334IPv6 Address Format in URL Syntax 336Configuring a Dual-Stack Network 337Tunneling 344Manual Tunnels 3496to4 Tunnels 3566to4 Tunnels and Loopback Interfaces 364ISATAP 365Other Tunneling Technologies 373Chapter 11 Network Address Translation IPv6 to IPv4 (NAT64) 377NAT64 378Traffic Initiated from IPv6-only Clients to IPv4-only Servers 379Configuration 383Traffic Initiated from IPv4-only Clients to IPv6-only Servers 387NAT-PT: Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation 389Application Level Gateway 390Using NAT-PT 391Static NAT-PT 394Dynamic NAT-PT 399Other Translation Techniques 4029781587143137, TOC, 9/18/2012
