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Full Description
Service providers can turn to numerous sources that describe technologies used in MPLS networks, such as QoS, Traffic Engineering (TE), and VPN; however there is no single resource that illustrates how to actually design a network that benefits from the latest technologies, and combines them optimally for a specific environment. Definitive MPLS Network Designs fills this void by providing a series of design studies showing how to combine key techniques and technologies at the heart of IP/MPLS networks in line with real-life network best practices. The book starts with a technology refresher for each of the technologies involved in the design studies, including VPNs, TE, QoS, multicast, pseudowires, network recovery, and IPv6. Following this overview are detailed design studies, each based on a set of characteristics and objectives common to a profile of networks deploying MPLS. The book contains a design study for an Inter-eXchange Carrier (IXC), for a National Telco, for a Global Service Provider, and for an enterprise. The authors develop each design study in a consistent manner, starting with a description of the network environment and supported services. They then identify the objectives which influenced the design. Each design study then details all aspects of the network design using the latest MPLS technologies. Finally, a number of lessons which can be drawn from the design study are pointed out, allowing readers to apply the solutions that meet their needs. Jean-Philippe Vasseur is a system architect at Cisco, where he develops protocols and solutions for service provide customers and specializes in IP/MPLS. JP has been involved in many service provider backbone designs. Jim Guichard, CCIE No. 2069, is a technical leader in Cisco's Internet Technologies Division, focusing on MPLS/IP. He has implemented many large-scale WAN and LAN networks and is coauthor of MPLS and VPN Architectures, Vol I and II. Francois Le Faucheur is a system architect at Cisco, working in IP QoS and MPLS product development. He is coauthoring many IETF specifications on MPLS and QoS and previously worked for telecom carriers on enhanced service development. 1587051869
Contents
ContentsForewordIntroductionChapter 1 Technology Primer: Layer 3 VPN, Multicast VPNs, IPv6, and PseudowireMPLS VPN Services in MPLS/IP NetworksLayer 3 MPLS VPN Network ComponentsSeparation of Routing State at PE RoutersCustomer-to-Service Provider Routing ExchangeLabel Allocation at the PE RouterAdvertisement of VPNv4 Routes Across the IP/MPLS BackboneImport of Remote Routing Information into VRFsForwarding of Layer 3 MPLS VPN PacketsRemote Access to the Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServiceDial-in Access Via L2TP VPDNDial-in Access Via Direct ISDNDSL Access Using PPPoA or PPPoE and VPDN (L2TP)Carrier's Carrier ArchitecturePacket Forwarding with Carrier's CarrierLayer 3 MPLS VPN Services Across Autonomous System BoundariesInter-AS Back-to-Back VRFs (Option A)Inter-AS VPNv4 Exchange (Option B)Inter-AS VPNv4 Exchange Between Route Reflectors (Option C)Multicast VPNsSource Distribution Multicast TreesIP Multicast Shared TreesProtocol-Independent Multicast (PIM)PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM)PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)Multicast Support Within a Layer 3 MPLS VPNMulticast DomainsmVPN PIM AdjacenciesMulticast Forwarding with mVPNIPv6 Over MPLS NetworksOverview of IPv6IPv6 HeaderIPv6 AddressingNeighbor Discovery and AutoconfigurationIPv6 RoutingIPv6 Quality of ServiceIPv6 SecurityDeploying IPv6 Over an MPLS NetworkIPv6 Provider Edge (6PE)IPv6 VPN Provider Edge (6VPE)Layer 2 Services and PseudowiresPseudowire Network ComponentsPseudowire Forwarding Equivalent ClassPseudowire Creation and SignalingPseudowire EncapsulationPseudowire Packet FlowChapter 2 Technology Primer: Quality of Service, Traffic Engineering, and Network RecoveryQuality of Service in MPLS NetworksTraffic Requirements and Service Level AgreementsApplication RequirementsService Level AgreementQoS MechanismsThe Fundamental QoS Versus Utilization CurveThe IETF DiffServ Model and MechanismsMPLS Support of DiffServCombining Tools to Support SLACore QoS EngineeringEdge QoS EngineeringQoS ModelsTraffic EngineeringMPLS Traffic Engineering ComponentsDestinationBandwidthAffinitiesPreemptionProtection by Fast RerouteOptimized MetricHierarchy of Attributes (Set of Ordered Path Option)TE LSP Path ComputationSignaling of a Traffic Engineering LSPRouting onto a Traffic Engineering LSPSolving the Fish ProblemTE LSP Deployment ScenariosReoptimizing a Traffic Engineering LSPMPLS Traffic Engineering and Load BalancingMPLS Traffic Engineering Forwarding AdjacencyAutomatic Meshing of a Mesh of TE LSPs DiffServ-Aware MPLS Traffic EngineeringBandwidth Constraints ModelExtensions to the Traffic Engineering LSP AttributeExtensions to TE LSP Path ComputationExtensions to Traffic Engineering IGP RoutingExtensions to TE LSP SignalingRouting onto DiffServ-Aware TE LSPsExample of DS-TE DeploymentMPLS Traffic Engineering in the Context of Multiarea and Multi-ASCore Network AvailabilityProtection Versus RestorationLocal Versus Global RecoveryNetwork Recovery with IP RoutingUse of Dynamic Timers for LSA Origination and SPF TriggeringComputing the Convergence Time with IP RoutingNetwork Recovery with MPLS Traffic EngineeringMPLS TE RerouteMPLS TE Path ProtectionMPLS TE Fast RerouteChapter 3 Interexchange Carrier Design StudyUSCom's Network EnvironmentUSCom's Network Design ObjectivesRouting and Backbone Label Forwarding DesignSeparation of Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServicesInternet Service Route Reflection DeploymentLayer 3 MPLS VPN Service Design OverviewPE Router Basic Engineering GuidelinesVRF Naming ConventionRoute Distinguisher AllocationRoute Target Allocation for Import/Export PolicyBasic PE Router Configuration TemplatePE Router Control-Plane RequirementsPE Router Path MTU DiscoveryVPNv4 Route Reflector Deployment SpecificsDeployment Location for VPNv4 Route ReflectorsPreventing Input Drops at the VPNv4 Route ReflectorsPE Router and Route Reflector VPNv4 MP-BGP Peering TemplatePE-CE Routing Protocol DesignStatic Routing Design ConsiderationsPE-CE BGP Routing Design ConsiderationsPE-CE IGP Routing Design ConsiderationsSpecifics of the OSPF Service DeploymentSpecifics of the EIGRP Service Deployment IP Address Allocation for PE-CE LinksControlling Route Distribution with FilteringSecurity Design for the Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServiceQuality of Service DesignSLA for Internet ServiceSLA for the Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServiceQoS Design in the Core NetworkQoS Design on the Network EdgeTraffic Engineering Within the USCom NetworkNetwork Recovery DesignNetwork Availability ObjectivesOperational Constraints on Network Recovery DesignCost Constraints for the Network Recovery DesignNetwork Recovery Design for Link FailuresPrefix Prioritization Within the USCom NetworkTemporary Loop AvoidanceForwarding Adjacency for Loop AvoidanceReuse of a Restored LinkMultiple Failures Within the USCom NetworkLink Failure Detection Within the USCom NetworkNode Failures Within the USCom NetworkPlanned Router MaintenanceUnexpected Router FailuresConvergence of IS-ISIS-IS Failure Detection TimeFlooding of New IS-IS LSPsRouting Table Computation on Each NodeIS-IS Configuration Within the USCom NetworkDesign Lessons to Be Taken from USComChapter 4 National Telco Design StudyTelecom Kingland Network EnvironmentTelecom Kingland POP StructureTelecom Kingland Design ObjectivesRouting and Backbone Label-Forwarding DesignShared-Edge Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServicesInternet Service: Route Reflection DeploymentLayer 3 MPLS VPN Service: Design OverviewMultiservice PE Router Basic Engineering GuidelinesCustomer VRF Naming ConventionRT/RD Allocation SchemesNetwork Management VPN Load-Balancing SupportiBGP Multipath Support for VPNv4eiBGP Multipath Support for VPNv4mPE Router Control-Plane RequirementsVPNv4 Route Reflector PlacementPE-CE Routing Protocol DesignCarrier's Carrier ServiceLoad-Balancing Support with Carrier's CarrierLarge Carrier's Carrier Customer Attachment ExampleRemote Access to the Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServiceDial-In Access Via L2TP VPDNDial-In Access Via Direct ISDNDSL Access Using PPPoE or PPPoA and VPDN (L2TP)mVPN Service ApplicationMulticast Address AllocationMulticast Routing Protocol SupportRendezvous Point and BSR Design for PIM-SMUse of Data-MDTs in the mVPN DesignRestricting Multicast Routing State at mPE RoutersQuality of Service DesignLayer 3 MPLS VPN and Internet SLAQoS Design in the Core NetworkQoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN and InternetCE Router Egress PolicymPE Router Ingress PolicymPE Router Egress PolicyQoS Design on the Network Edge for Voice TrunkingQoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN CsCSLA Monitoring and ReportingMPLS Traffic Engineering DesignSetting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth on Each MPC LinkTE LSPs BandwidthPath ComputationTE LSPs Between PE-PSTN1 RoutersTE LSPs Between PE-PSTN1 and PE-PSTN2 Routers or Between PE-PSTN2 RoutersReoptimization of TE LSPsMPLS Traffic Engineering SimulationTE Scaling AspectsUse of Refresh ReductionProvisioning the Mesh of TE LSPsMonitoringLast Resort Unconstrained Option Network Recovery DesignNetwork Recovery Design for the Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN TrafficFailure Detection TimeLSA GenerationFailure Notification TimeSPF TriggeringRIB and FIB UpdatesOSPF Design ConclusionsNetwork Recovery Design for the PSTN TrafficFailure DetectionSet of Backup TunnelsBackup Tunnel ConstraintsBackup Tunnel Design Between Level 1 POPsRelaxing the SRLG Diversity ConstraintDesign of the Backup Tunnels Between Level 2 and Level 1 POPsPeriod of Time During Which Backup Tunnels Are in UseConfiguration of a Hold-Off TimerFailure of a PE-PSTN RouterIPv6 Internet Access Service DesignDesign Lessons to Be Taken from Telecom KinglandChapter 5 Global Service Provider Design StudyGlobenet Network EnvironmentGlobenet Service PortfolioGlobenet POP Network StructureType 1 POP StructureType 2 POP StructureType 3 POP StructureGlobenet Worldwide Network ArchitectureEMEA RegionAsia-Pacific RegionNorth America RegionSouth America RegionIntercontinental ConnectivityGlobenet Routing ArchitectureInteroperator PartnershipsLink Types and Protection DetailsDesign Objectives for the Globenet NetworkLayer 3 MPLS VPN Service DesignShared-Edge Internet and MPLS VPN ServicesConnectivity Between Globenet RegionsFiltering VPNv4 Routes at the ASBRsRoute Target/Route Distinguisher Allocation Between RegionsConnectivity with Regional Service Providers Providing Internet Services to MPLS VPN CustomersInternet Via the Global or VRF Routing TableInternet Access Following the Default RouteFull Internet Access Via the PE-CE Access LinkInternet Access Via Globenet NAT/Firewall ServicesmVPN Service DesignMP-BGP Support of Inter-AS mVPNEstablishing mVPN MDT Groups Between Globenet RegionsInter-AS mVPN System FlowMPLS VPN Security and ScalabilityVPN Operational SecurityVPN Control Plane ProtectionVPN Data Plane ProtectionScaling and Convergence of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN ServiceProtocol InteractionMP-BGP Scaling ConsiderationsGlobenet Routing Convergence StrategyLayer 3 MPLS VPN Service-Routing ConvergenceTuning the BGP ProtocolEdge Router CapabilitiesIPv6 VPN Service DesignIPv6 VPN Design Within a Globenet RegionIPv6 VPN Design Across Globenet RegionsATM Pseudowire DesignQuality of Service DesignVPN and Internet SLAQoS Design in the Core Network in the EMEA, AsiaPac, and South America RegionsQoS Design in the Core Network on ATM PVCsQoS Design in the Core Network in North AmericaQoS Design in the Core Network Across RegionsQoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN and InternetCE Router Egress PolicyPE Router Ingress PolicyPE Router Egress PolicyQoS Design for the Interprovider VPN with Telecom KinglandQoS Design for Multicast TrafficQoS Design for the IPv6 VPNPseudowire QoS Design for ATM TrunkingSLA Monitoring and ReportingMPLS Traffic Engineering DesignSetting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth on Each LinkAutomatic Setup and Provisioning of a Full Mesh of TE LSPs Dynamic Traffic Engineering LSP Bandwidth AdjustmentAdditional Resizing ParametersAdditional Advantages of Dynamic TE LSP ResizingTE LSP Path ComputationMPLS Traffic Engineering in North AmericaMPLS Traffic Engineering in the AsiaPac, EMEA, and South America RegionsReoptimization of TE LSPsTraffic Engineering Scaling AspectsUse of Refresh ReductionMonitoring TE LSPsLast-Resort Unconstrained OptionTE Design for ATM PseudowiresNetwork Recovery DesignMPLS TE Fast Reroute Design Within Globenet RegionsFailure DetectionSet of Backup TunnelsBackup Tunnel ConstraintsProvisioning the Set of Backup TunnelsConfiguring a Hold-Off TimerIS-IS Routing DesignFailure of a PE Router Supporting ATM PseudowiresNetwork Recovery for IPv6 VPNVirtual POP DesignConversion of the Johannesburg POP to a VPOPGlobenet VPOP Migration StrategyVPOP QoS DesignPolicy Control at ASBR BoundariesAfrica Telecom VPOPDesign Lessons to Be Taken from GlobenetChapter 6 Large Enterprise Design StudyEuroBank's Network EnvironmentDescription of the Branch OfficeDescription of an Office LocationDescription of a Core Network POPDescription of the Data CentersDescription of the Metro Connections in the UKEuroBank Design ObjectivesEuroBank Network Core Routing DesignHost RoutingLayer 3 MPLS VPN Service DesignIntersubsidiary and DataCenter Connectivity RequirementsOffice Location RequirementsEuroBank Group VPN DefinitionsRoute Target and Route Distinguisher AllocationData Center Layer 3 MPLS VPN DesignPOP Layer 3 MPLS VPN DesignCore MP-BGP DesignUK Office Location Layer 3 MPLS VPN DesignRouting Within Each Multi-VRF VRFEuroBank Multicast Deployment and DesignEuroBank Brokerage Encryption Deployment and DesignLayer 3 MPLS VPN Design for VoIPArchitecture of the Managed Telephony ServiceOn-Net Voice Call Within a EuroBank VPNOn-Net Voice Call Across Two EuroBank VPNsLayer 3 MPLS VPN Design Within PhoneNet and EuroBank Off-Net Voice CallsQuality of Service DesignEuroBank's Service ClassesTraffic Classification in Offices and Data CentersSub-100-Mbps QoS Policy100+Mbps QoS PolicyGigabit Ethernet Link QoS PolicyQoS Design on the Access for BranchesTraffic Flowing from a BranchTraffic Flowing to a BranchDesign Lessons to Be Taken from EuroBankAppendix A ReferencesIndex_
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