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Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is a systematic, authoritative guide to configuring routers with Cisco IOS (R) XR, the next-generation flagship Cisco (R) Internet operating system.In this book, a team of Cisco experts brings together quick, authoritative, and example-rich reference information for all the commands most frequently used to configure and troubleshoot Cisco IOS XR-based routers in both service provider and enterprise environments. The authors walk you through the details of the Cisco IOS XR architecture present concise explanations of service provider requirements and internetwork theory, backed by proven sample configurations for IOS XR services, MPLS, multicast, system management, system security, routing, and interfaces.Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is an indispensable resource for designing, implementing, troubleshooting, administering, or selling networks containing Cisco IOS XR-supported routers. This is the only Cisco IOS XR book that: Clearly explains how Cisco IOS XR meets the emerging requirements of both current and future networks Gives network professionals extensive information for simplifying migration and taking full advantage of Cisco IOS XR's new powerPresents detailed, tested configuration examples that network professionals can apply in their own networksWalks through using new Cisco IOS XR features and the In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) process to minimize downtime and costMobeen Tahir, CCIE (R) No. 12643 (R&S, SP), is a Cisco network consulting engineer with more than a decade of experience in designing and deploying service provider networks. He currently works for the WWSP practice team, which provides consulting services to Cisco NGN customers. Mark Ghattas, CCIE No. 19706 (Service Provider), is a solution architect at Cisco and has been in the networking industry for more than 15 years. He focuses on IOS XR-based platforms for service providers and currently manages the World Wide Service Provider Practice team in Advanced Services. Dawit Birhanu, CCIE No. 5602, is a technical leader at Cisco. He assists global service providers in deploying new NGN products and technologies. He specializes in IOS XR-based platforms, QoS, MPLS, and BGP. Syed Natif Nawaz, CCIE No. 8825 (R&S, SP), has more than 10 years' experience in providing networking design, deployment, and escalation assistance to service provider customers. He is currently the IOS XE software development manager at Cisco, where he works on customer-focused software qualification, certification, and deployment; feature integration; release processes; and other software quality initiatives.Use Cisco IOS XR to deliver superior scalability, availability, security, and service flexibilityUnderstand the Cisco IOS XR distributed, modular architectureDesign, implement, and troubleshoot networks containing Cisco IOS XR-supported routersConfigure Cisco IOS XR routing, including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, and EIGRPLearn BGP implementation details specific to Cisco IOS XR and using RPL to influence policiesManage IP addresses and Cisco IOS XR servicesSecure Cisco IOS XR using standard and extended ACLs, prefix lists, and uRPFMaster all facets of MPLS configuration, including LDP, L3VPN, and TEConfigure PIM, IGMP, and static RP multicast Optimize networks using advanced Cisco IOS XR features, including secure domain routers Learn building blocks of Multishelf, and understand configurations and migration techniquesThis book is part of the Cisco Press (R) Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques.Category: Networking: Routing and SwitchingCovers: Cisco IOS XR
Contents
Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Introducing Cisco IOS XREvolution of NetworkingRequirements for Carrier-Grade NOSConvergenceScalabilityAvailabilityHardware RedundancyFailure Recovery and Microkernel-Based NOSProcess RestartabilityFailure DetectionSoftware Upgrades and PatchingSecurityService FlexibilityOperating System ConceptsBasic Functions of an Operating SystemProcess SchedulingInterrupt Handling Memory Management SynchronizationInterprocess CommunicationDynamic Link LibraryPortable Operating System InterfaceHigh-Level Overview of Cisco IOS XRCisco IOS XR PlatformsCisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing SystemCisco XR 12000 SeriesCisco ASR 9000 SeriesChapter 2 Cisco IOS XR InfrastructureCisco IOS XR KernelThreads Scheduling Algorithms Synchronization Services Cisco IOS XR System Manager Process Attributes System Manager and Process Lifecycle CLI for Sysmgr and ProcessesInterprocess CommunicationCharacteristics of IPC MechanismsSynchronous Versus AsynchronousIntra-node Versus Inter-nodeConnection-Oriented Versus RendezvousPoint-to-Point Versus Point-to-MultipointLight Weight MessagingGroup Service ProtocolAtomic Descriptor RingQnetDistributed ServicesGSPBulk Content DownloaderProcess PlacementCisco IOS XR System DatabaseHigh Availability ArchitectureForwarding PathChapter 3 Installing Cisco IOS XRIntroduction to Cisco IOS XR PackagesImage Naming ConventionsCisco IOS XR Bootable Files, PIEs, and SMUs Composite Bootable Files Composite Upgrade PIE Optional PIEsSoftware Maintenance UpgradeInstall System OverviewPreparing to Install Cisco IOS XRTURBOBOOTSetting the TURBOBOOT ROMMON VariableBooting the .vm File from ROMMONVerifying the Software InstallationInstalling PackagesTURBOBOOT Considerations for the c12000 PlatformBooting the Standby RPUpgrading to a Major Cisco IOS XR Version Using mini.pieInstall RollbackRemoving Inactive PackagesPerforming an Install AuditDisk Backup and RecoveryCreating a Backup Disk with Golden DiskDisk MirroringCreating a Disk PartitionTurning On Disk MirroringInstall Health ChecksVerifying MD5 Signature of a PIE or an SMUAnticipating Disk Space UsageTesting a PIE or SMU InstallationVerifying the config-registerClearing Configuration InconsistencyChapter 4 Configuration ManagementUnderstanding Distributed Configuration Management Control Plane Configuration Management Data Plane Configuration Management Understanding Configuration Planes Admin Plane Shared Plane Local Plane Components of Configuration Management Configuration Manager Configuration File System Role of SysDB in Configuration Management Replicated Data Service File System Understanding the Two-Stage Commit Model Building the Target Configuration Commit Operation Commit Confirmed Option Commit Failures Configuration Failures During Startup Configuration Features in Cisco IOS XR Deleting Physical Interface Configuration Navigation Default Running Configuration Behavior Troubleshooting Configuration Inconsistencies Configuration Session Lock Avoiding a Commit Operation and Clearing the Target Configurations Option 1: Unlock the Configuration Session Option 2: Use the clear Command Option 3: Use the abort Command Option 4: Use the end or exit Commands Configuration Management During Hardware and Software Change Events Configuration Management During Online Insertion and Removal EventsCase 1: Insert or Remove a Node Case 2: Replace the Node with a Different Node Case 3: Replace the Node with a Higher Density Node Case 4: Replace the Node with a Lower Density Node Configuration Management During Package Activation and Deactivation Interface Preconfiguration Configuration Template Configuration Management During Router Startup Configuration Rollback Chapter 5 Cisco IOS XR Monitoring and OperationsUsing SNMP Configuring SNMP Cisco IOS XR Syslog SNMP in the Context of a VRF Logging Destination Local Archiving of Logging Messages Embedded Event Manager EEM Event Detectors and Events Processing Timer Services Event Detector Syslog Event Detector None Event Detector Watchdog System Monitor Event Detector Distributed Event Detectors Registering and Using Onboard EEM Policies User-Defined EEM Policy EEM Reliability Metrics Monitoring Processes WDSYSMON Monitoring Memory Using the show system verify Command Operations and Monitoring Best Practices Chapter 6 Cisco IOS XR SecuritySecure Operating System Securing Access to the Router Admin Plane SDR Plane User Groups and Task Groups User Group and Task Group Inheritance External AAA Configuring a TACACS+ Server Authentication Using RADIUS Configuring Secure Shell Management Plane Protection Securing the Forwarding Plane Access Control Lists Unicast RPF Local Packet Transport Service Mechanics Behind LPTS: A High-Level Overview Configuring LPTS Chapter 7 Routing IGPRouting Information Protocol Understanding RIP Fundamentals RIP Versions Configuring RIP in Cisco IOS XR Configuring Route Policy Language Configuring Passive Interface Restarting, Shutting Down, and Blocking RIP Verifying and Troubleshooting RIP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Understanding EIGRP Fundamentals Neighbor Discovery/Recovery Reliable Transport Protocol Diffusing Update Algorithm Protocol-Dependent Modules Configuring EIGRP in Cisco IOS XR Configuring Routing Policy Configuring Router ID Configuring and Verifying NSF Verifying EIGRP Process Status Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP Open Shortest Path First Understanding OSPF Fundamentals Configuring OSPF in Cisco IOS XR Configuring and Verifying OSPFv2 Hierarchical CLI and Inheritance Configuring OSPFv2 Authentication Verifying NSF Configuration and Standby RP Status Configuring and Verifying Nonstop Routing Configuring and Verifying Multiarea Adjacencies Configuring and Verifying Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Configuring OSPF Timers Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3 Intermediate System to Intermediate System Understanding IS-IS Fundamentals Configuring IS-IS in Cisco IOS XR Verifying the Single Topology Model Configuring and Verifying the Multitopology Model Configuring and Verifying Interface States Configuring IS-IS NSF and IS-IS Timers Configuring and Verifying BFD in IS-IS Configuring and Verifying IP Fast Reroute Chapter 8 Implementing BGP in Cisco IOS XRAddress Family Configuration Mode Configuration Groups Implementing BGP Policies Routing Policy Language Prefix Set AS-path Set Community Set Routing Policies Hierarchical Policies and Parameterization BGP Policy Accounting BGP Remotely Triggered Black Hole BGP Graceful Restart BGP Distributed Speaker TTL Processing Label Distribution Protocol LDP Basic Configuration LDP Parameters LDP Label Control LDP-IGP Sync and LDP Session Protection MPLS Traffic Engineering Cisco IOS XR Peer-to-Peer L3VPN Virtual Routing Forwarding Tables MP-iBGP Between PE Routers Routing Between CE and PE Static Routing for CE-PE eBGP as CE-PE Protocol OSPF as CE-PE Protocol RIP as CE-PE Protocol L2VPN Virtual Private Wire Service VPWS Configuration in IOS XR Pseudo Wire Redundancy Virtual Private VLAN Service Chapter 10 Cisco IOS XR MulticastUnderstanding Multicast Routing Fundamentals Internet Group Management Protocol IGMPv2 IGMPv3 Protocol Independent Multicast Understanding Cisco IOS XR Multicast Understanding PIM Source Specific Multicast on IOS XR Configuring Cisco IOS XR Multicast Enabling Multicast Routing Configuring IGMP Configuring PIM Configuring Static RP Auto-RP BSR PIM SSM Configuration Monitoring and Troubleshooting Cisco IOS XR Multicast Debugging Multicast on the CRS Router's Ingress Path Debugging Multicast in Router's Fabric and Egress Path Debugging an RPF Failure Using a Line Card MFIB Command Chapter 11 Secure Domain RouterOwner and Non-Owner SDR Understanding SDR Privileges Creating a Secure Domain Router DRP Configuring a Secure Domain Router Creating a Named Secure Domain Router Assigning Resources to a Named SDR Logging In to a Newly Named SDR Process Placement Chapter 12 Understanding CRS-1 MultishelfMultishelf Overview Line Card Chassis Fabric Card Chassis Switch Fabric Cards Fabric Data Path High Availability Multishelf Fabric Interconnect Fabric Planes SEA Links Fabric Backpressure Optical Array Cables Recommended Practices and Considerations Single Module Fabric Configuration Multimodule Configuration Multishelf Control Ethernet Multishelf Configuration Viewing the Configuration Line Card Chassis to Multishelf Preparation Troubleshooting Multishelf Fabric Planes Troubleshooting Fabric Links Appendix A ROMMON and Configuration Register SettingsAppendix B Multishelf 2+1 Array Cable MappingAppendix C Switch Fabric Down Flags9781587052712 TOC 5/19/2009
