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The emergence of ancient urbanism has long held the interest of archaeologists attempting to understand the origins of inequality and its links to early urban life. This volume presents the results of archeological research at the Early Bronze Age sites of Numayra and Ras an-Numayra, conducted to investigate the rise of Early Bronze Age urban society, with a distinctive focus on links between environmental and social systems.
The Dead Sea Plain excavations at Numayra and Ras an-Numayra uncovered extraordinarily well-preserved architecture, artifacts, and faunal and paleoethnobotanical remains that offer exciting and profound insights that enhance our understanding of life in these walled settlements. Under the codirection of R. Thomas Schaub and Walter E. Rast, the Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain team designed their research with an explicitly anthropological focus, based on the New Archaeology's principles for archaeological knowledge production. Their excavations at these sites in the mid-1970s and early 1980s heralded the now-common approach combining archaeology, paleoethnobotany, palynology, bioarchaeology, zooarchaeology, geology, and ethnoarchaeology into the research project, with a multidisciplinary team in the field to systematize collection and sampling procedures.
These excavations at Numayra and Ras an-Numayra represent a watershed moment in the history of archaeological research in the southern Levant, setting new standards for scientific methods and a multidisciplinary approach to investigating the past.
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
Meredith S. Chesson
Supporters of the Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain, Jordan
1. Introduction: The 1977-1983 Excavations at Numayra and Ras an- Numayra
Meredith S. Chesson
2. Geology and Geomorphology
Jack Donahue
3. Central Area Excavations
Meredith S. Chesson
4. Town Walls and Gate Systems: East Town Area Excavations (Phases 1A-2B) and West Gate Area Excavations (Phases 1A-2B)
R. Thomas Schaub and Meredith S. Chesson
5. Pottery Typology at Numayra
R. Thomas Schaub
6. Excavations at Ras an- Numayra
Meredith S. Chesson, R. Thomas Schaub, Gillian Bentley, and Michael Coogan
7. Storage in Numayra in Phases 1A-2C
Meredith S. Chesson and Nathan Goodale
8. Crop Storage, Processing, and Cooking Practices at Numayra: The Plant Remains
Chantel E. White, David McCreery, and Fabian Toro
9. Chipped Stone Tools from Numayra and Ras an- Numayra
Mark A. McConaughy
10. Basketry, Cordage, Plant Fibers, and Weaving Tools from Numayra
J. M. Adovasio, J. S. Illingworth, T. Miller- Sporrer, M. L. Greek, and S. L. Dost Kerchusky
11. Seal Impressions and Sherds with Markings from Numayra
Nancy Lapp
12. Ornaments Excavated at Numayra, Jordan
N. H. Broeder and H. C. W. Skinner
Bibliography
Appendixes
Appendix A. Master Locus Lists for Numayra's Central, East Tower, and West Gate Areas and Ras an- Numayra
Meredith S. Chesson, R. Thomas Schaub, and Walter E. Rast
Appendix B. Pottery Plates
Meredith S. Chesson, R. Thomas Schaub, and Walter E. Rast
Appendix C. Illustrated Profiles
Meredith S. Chesson
Appendix D. Registered Objects
Meredith S. Chesson, R. Thomas Schaub, and Walter E. Rast
