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Peace and Conflict Studies sets the standard for an accessible introduction and comprehensive exploration of this vital subject. The authors share their vast knowledge and analysis of 21st-century world events - including chapters on research methods and democracy, as well as timely topics such as nuclear proliferation; models of conflict analysis, outcomes, and solutions; the Non-Proliferation Treaty; the rise of the BRICs countries; and much more. The text, authored by David Barash and Charles Webel, examines current conflicts, including the latest developments in Iran and North Korea, explores the important aspects of positive peace, individual violence, nationalism, and terrorism, provides numerous visual aids, questions for further study, and suggested readings, and furnishes a comprehensive range of material to enlighten and enrich future discussion and encourage further academic pursuit. With an broad and authoritative scope, this introductory text chronicles a plethora of important global topics from pre-history to the present.
Contents
Part IChapter 1: The Meanings of PeaceThe Meanings of PeacePositive and Negative PeaceMeasuring PeaceThe Global Peace IndexKey Findings of the U.S. Peace IndexCulture of PeaceA Final Note on the Meanings of PeaceNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 2: Peace Studies, Peace Education, and Peace ResearchPeace Studies, War Studies, and Peace and Conflict StudiesPeace EducationThe Dimensions of Peace and Conflict StudiesPCS TodaySome Contributions of PCSThe Future of PCSA Final Note on Peace and Conflict Studies, Peace Education, and Peace ResearchNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingJournalsWebsitesChapter 3: The Meanings of WarsDefining WarsThe Frequency and Intensity of WarsHistorical Trends in WarModern WeaponryCutting-Edge Military TechnologiesHas Technology Made War Obsolete?Wars, Empires, Colonialism, and National LiberationThe Desirability of Peace Versus Justifications for WarsSocial Justice and WarPolitical Ideologies and MilitarismIs War Inevitable?Can Nations Change?The Nature and Functions of ConflictA Final Note on WarNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 4: Terrorism Versus CounterterrorismWhat Is Terrorism? Who Are "Terrorists"?A Brief History of TerrorismThe Historical Tension Between State Terrorism From Above and Nonstate Terrorism From BelowISISState and State-Sponsored TerrorismTerrorism in the Name of GodThe Terrorism Industry and the Mass MediaThe Global War on TerrorismThe Victims and Perpetrators of Global Terrorism and CounterterrorismA Final Note on TerrorismNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 5: The Special Significance of Nuclear WeaponsThe Nature of Nuclear WeaponsThe Effects of Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Delivery SystemsStrategic Doctrine: DeterrenceHow a Nuclear War Could StartNuclear ProliferationSome New WorriesSome Good NewsWhat Might Be DoneA Final Note on Nuclear WeaponsNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingPart II : The Reasons For WarsChapter 6: The Individual LevelAggression, Drives, and InstinctsSociobiology and Evolutionary PsychologyFreudian and Post-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory"Innate Depravity" and "Human Nature"Social Learning TheoriesGender, War, and PeacePrejudice, Images of the Enemy, and Human NeedsAttributions and Just-World Theories of BehaviorAltruism, Aggression, and ReconciliationThe Attractions of WarInhibitions Against WarSome Issues in Nuclear PsychologyA Final Note on Individual-Level Explanations of WarsNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 7: The Group LevelWar: Its Prehistory and Early HistoryFunctions of Nontechnological WarsCharacteristics of Premodern and Nontechnological WarsAlternatives to Nontechnological WarfareUnderlying Group ProcessesBrief Conclusion on Premodern and Nontechnological WarfareNations, States, Ethnic Groups, and NationalismA Brief History of Nationalist WarsTypes of Nationalist WarsNationalist Threats to StatesRacial and Cultural IntoleranceNationalism and the Public MoodNationalism and Political IdeologyThe Question of "National Character"A Final Note on Nationalism and EthnocentrismNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 8: The State LevelDefining the StateState SovereigntyThe State SystemAlliances Between StatesRealpolitik and Raisons d'EtatInternal CohesionArms RacesA Final Note on War and StatesNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 9: The Decision-Making LevelThe Role of LeadersCrisis Decision MakingSome Issues Regarding Perception and CognitionA Final Note on Decision MakingNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 10: The Ideological, Social, and Economic LevelsConflicting IdeologiesPopulation Pressure and Other Social StressesPoverty as a Cause of WarImperialismThe Economic Effects of WarsThe Effects of Military SpendingCultural Conflicts and the "Clash of Civilizations"A Final Note on the Reasons for Wars and PeaceNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingPart III: Building "Negative Peace"Chapter 11: Peace MovementsPopular Attitudes Toward PeaceAttention, Success, and FailureHistorical and Current Perceptions of WarHistory and Taxonomy of Peace MovementsInterconnections Between Peace and Other Social MovementsSome Internal Debates Within Peace MovementsSome Criticisms of Peace MovementsMaintaining the Momentum of Peace MovementsA Final Note on Peace MovementsNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 12: Diplomacy, Negotiations, and Conflict ResolutionHuman ConflictSummitryA Brief History of DiplomacyDiplomacy and Military ForceDiplomacy and RealpolitikTrack II DiplomacyThird-Party InvolvementNegotiating Techniques for Resolving ConflictMethods of Integrative BargainingAdditional Negotiating TechniquesA Final Note on Conflict ResolutionNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 13: Disarmament and Arms ControlDifferent Visions of DisarmamentA Brief History of DisarmamentSome Current AgreementsThe Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)Future ProspectsSome Conventional Arms Abuses and OpportunitiesPitfalls of Arms Control AgreementsBenefits of Arms Control ProspectsEconomic ConversionA Final Note on Disarmament and Arms ControlNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 14: International CooperationThe United NationsLimitations on the UN's Use of ForceOther Functions of the United NationsFunctionalismRegional OrganizationsWorld Government?A Brief History of Plans for World GovernmentPros and Cons of World GovernmentThe Dream of World Government: A Waste of Time?The Prospects for World GovernmentThe Uniting of the United States of America: A Rehearsal for a Global Federal System?Toward World Government?A Final Note on International CooperationNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 15: Peace Through Strength?Balance of PowerProblems With Balance of PowerThe Rise of the BRICSCollective SecurityNational Security via Military ForceAppeasement, Provocation, and DeterrenceThe Use and Abuse of ThreatsThe Prisoner's DilemmaSanctionsNonprovocative DefenseA Final Note on Peace Through StrengthNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 16: International LawThe Sources of International LawEnforcement of International LawThe Conflict between International Law and State SovereigntyHidden Strengths of International LawThe Law of WarA Final Note on International LawNotesQuestions of Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 17: Ethical and Religious PerspectivesEthicsReligious Attitudes Toward WarChristian "Realism"Religious PacifismNuclear EthicsA Final Note on Ethics and ReligionNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingPart IV: Building Positive PeaceChapter 18: Human RightsA Brief History of Human RightsWomen's RightsSome Human Rights ControversiesRefugeesLGBT RightsThe Legal Status of Human RightsHuman Rights and the Nation-StateHuman Rights and PeaceCompeting Conceptions of Human RightsThe Responsibility to ProtectPromoting Human RightsA Final Note on Human RightsNotesQuestions for Further StudySuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 19: Ecological Well-BeingEnhanced Environmental AwarenessThe Environment and National SecurityThe Tragedy of the CommonsSome Major Environmental ProblemsSome Environmental PrinciplesEnvironmental ActivismStruggling for SustainabilityResource WarsEnvironmental EthicsA Final Note on Ecological Well-BeingNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 20: Economic Well-BeingThe Problem of PovertySocioeconomic DevelopmentEthics, Equity and a Bit of HistoryHungerMeasuring Wealth, Poverty, and Income InequalityPopulationThe Demographic-Economic Environmental TrapFuture DirectionsThe Case of Costa RicaA Final Note on Economic Well-BeingNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 21: Movements Toward DemocracyWhat Is Democracy?A Brief Modern History of DemocratizationDemocracies and WarsCan Democracy Be Exported? Should It Be?A Final Note on Movements Toward DemocracyNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 22: National ReconciliationTruth and Reconciliation CommissionsIn the Absence of Truthful Reconciliation . . .TRC Downsides and CaveatsA Final Note on ReconciliationNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 23: NonviolenceWhat Is Nonviolence?ViolenceNonviolent Peace Theorists and TheoriesMohandas K. GandhiGandhian Nonviolence in Theory and PracticeMartin Luther King, Jr. and the U.S. Civil Rights MovementSome Nonviolent SuccessesCivilian-Based DefenseDoes Nonviolence "Work"? If So, Why?Prospects for NonviolenceA Final Note on NonviolenceNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingChapter 24: Toward a More Peaceful FutureTransformations of Self and SocietyToward the FutureA Final Note on Transformation and the FutureNotesQuestions for Further ReflectionSuggestions for Further Reading
