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Full Description
The first edition of this reference work became known as the bible of turfgrass entomology upon publication in 1987. It has proved invaluable to professional entomologists, commercial turf managers, and golf course superintendents and has been used widely in college extension courses. This classic of the field is now in its third edition, providing up-to-date and complete coverage of turfgrass pests in the continental United States, Hawaii, and southern Canada.
This revised volume integrates all relevant research from the previous two decades. It provides expanded coverage of several pest species, including the annual bluegrass weevil, invasive crane fly species, chinch bugs, billbugs, mole crickets, and white grubs. Patricia J. Vittum also provides detailed information on the biology and ecology of all major pests and includes the most current information on conditions that favor insect development and biological control strategies pertinent to each species.
This edition will include more than 100 black-and-white images, including diagrams of life cycles, sketches of morphological characteristics, and charts highlighting seasonal activity. The book also includes 72 full-color plates (more than 500 color images), showing closeup pictures of most of the key insects (adult and immature stages) and damaged turf. The reader should be able to identify most turf insects through the use of this text. It is a critical reference work that any serious turf professional should own.
Contents
1. Turfgrass in the Modern Environment
Grass Structure
Grass Identification
Turfgrass Climatic Adaptations
Major Turfgrasses in the United States and Canada
Cool-Season Grasses
Warm-Season Grasses
Summary of Grass Characters
Drought Dormancy and Its Relationship to Insect Damage
Dichondra Lawns
Economic Impact of Turfgrass Culture
2. Insects and Near Relatives
Phylum Arthropoda
Taxonomy of Insects
Form and Function of Insects and Mites
Types of Mouthparts and Turf-Feeding Damage
Other Types of Mouthparts and Feeding
Orders of Turfgrass-Damaging Insects and Mites
3. Insects and Mites: Turf Association
Habitats of Turfgrass Insects
Leaf- and Stem-Inhabiting Pests
Stem- and Thatch-Inhabiting Pests
Thatch- and Root-Inhabiting Pest
Seasonal Presence of Injurious Stages
4. Acarine Pests
Bermudagrass Mite
Zoysiagrass Mite
Buffalograss Mite
Winter Grain Mite
Clover Mite
Banks Grass Mite
5. Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae
Southern and Tawny Mole Crickets
6. Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Heteroptera
The Blissus Chinch Bugs
Chinch Bug Taxonomy
Hairy Chinch Bug
Southern Chinch Bug
Western Chinch Bug
Common Chinch Bug
7. Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Homoptera
Greenbug
Two-Lined Spittlebug
Rhodesgrass Mealybug
Buffalograss Mealybugs
Ground Pearl
8. Lepidopteran Pests: Family Crambidae
Temperate-Region Sod Webworms
Tropical-Region Sod Webworms
9. Lepidopteran Pests: Family Noctuidae
Cutworms and Armyworms
Black Cutworm
Variegated Cutworm
Winter Cutworm
Armyworm
Bronzed Cutworm
Fall Armyworm
Yellow-Striped Armyworm
Lawn Armyworm
10. Lepidopteran Pests: Family Hesperiidae
Fiery Skipper
11. Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae
Overview
12. Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Aphodiinae
Black Turfgrass Ataenius
Aphodius spp.
13. Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Cetoniinae
Green June Beetle
14. Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae
Masked Chafers
15. Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Melolonthinae
Asiatic Garden Beetle
European Chafer
May and June Beetles
16. Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Rutelinae
Japanese Beetle
Oriental Beetle
17. Coleopteran Pests: Family Chrysomelidae
Dichondra Flea Beetle
18. Coleopteran Pests: Family Curculionidae
Billbug Taxonomy
Bluegrass Billbug
Hunting Billbug
Phoenician Billbug, Rocky Mountain Billbug, and Other Billbug Species
Annual Bluegrass Weevil
19. Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae
Invasive Crane Flies
European Crane Fly
Common Crane Fly
Frit Fly
20. Hymenopteran Pests: Family Formicidae
Ants—Overview
Red Imported Fire Ant
Turfgrass Ant
Harvester Ants
21. Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae
Bees and Wasps
Cicada Killer
Yellowjacket
22. Minor Insect Pests
Northern Mole Cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Short-Tailed Cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Periodical Cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae)
Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Fleahoppers (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Bermudagrass Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae)
Turfgrass Scale (Homoptera: Coccidae)
Cottony Grass Scale (Homoptera: Coccidae)
Lucerne Moth (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Burrowing Sod Webworms (Lepidoptera: Acrolophidae)
Granulate Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Striped Grassworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Sugarcane Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Subfamily Dynastinae)
Tomarus subtropicus (Sugarcane Grub) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Subfamily Dynastinae)
Carrot Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Subfamily Dynastinae)
Polyphylla spp. Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Subfamily Melolonthinae)
Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Vegetable Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
March Flies (Diptera: Bibionidae)
23. Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods and Near Relatives
Turfgrass-Associated Invertebrates
Earthworms
Stinkworms
Snails and Slugs
Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods
Pillbugs and Sowbugs
Millipedes
Centipedes
Spiders
Mites
Scorpions
Ticks
Chiggers
Turfgrass-Associated Insects
Springtails
Earwigs
Fleas
Mosquitoes and Biting Midges
Wild Bees
Effect of Insecticides on Nontarget Arthropods
24. Vertebrate Pests
Birds
Mammals
25. Principles of Integrated Pest Management
Site Assessment
Scouting or Monitoring
Setting Thresholds
Predicting Pest Activity
Stress Management
Biological Control
Chemical Control
Finding Compatible Strategies
Evaluation
Advantages of Integrated Pest Management
26. Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds
Accurate Diagnosis
Scouting or Monitoring
Early Detection and Diagnosis
Relating Symptoms to Cause
Collecting and Labeling Specimens for Identification
Population Survey Techniques
Active Sampling Techniques
Passive Sampling Techniques
Setting Thresholds
27. Biological Control Strategies
Using Natural Enemies in Turfgrass Management
Predators
Parasitoids
Pathogens
Bacteria
Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Entomopathogenic Fungi
Rickettsias
Viruses
Protozoans
Endophytes
Pheromones
Insect Growth Regulators
Botanicals
28. Chemical Control Strategies
Accurate Diagnosis
Threshold Populations
Influence of Thatch
Timing of Application—Seasonal
Timing of Application—Daily
Windows of Opportunity
Names of Insecticides
Chemical Properties of Insecticides
Chemical Classes of Insecticides
Insecticide Resistance
Effect of Insecticides on Nontarget Organisms
Toxicity of Insecticides
Application Technology
Environmental Fate of Pesticides
Selecting an Insecticide
Pesticides and Pollinators
Other Beneficial Insects
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