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**CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title**
In September 1814, the rulers of Europe and their ministers descended upon Vienna after two decades of revolution and war. Their task was to redraw continental borders following the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire. Inevitably, all of the major decisions were made by the leading statesmen of the five 'great powers'-Castlereagh, Metternich, Talleyrand, Hardenberg and Tsar Alexander of Russia. The territorial reconstruction of Europe marks only one part of this story. Over the next seven years, Europe witnessed unrest in Germany, Britain, and France, and revolution in Latin America, Spain, Portugal, Naples, Piedmont, Greece, and Romania. Against this backdrop, the Congress of Vienna was followed by an audacious experiment in international cooperation and counter-revolution, known as the 'Congress System'. This system marked the first genuine attempt to forge an 'international order' based upon consensus rather than conflict. The goal of the Congress statesmen was to secure long-term peace and stability by controlling the pace of political change through international supervision and intervention.
The fear of revolution that first gave rise to the Congress System quickly became its exclusive concern, sowing division amongst its members and ironically ensuring its collapse. Despite this failure, the Congress System had a profound influence. The reliance on diplomacy as the primary means of conflict resolution; the devotion to multilateralism; the emphasis on international organization as a vehicle for preserving peace; the use of concerted action to promote international legitimacy - all these notions were by-products of the Congress System. In this book, Mark Jarrett argues that the decade of the Congresses marked the true beginning of our modern era. Based on original research and previously unseen sources, this book provides a fresh exploration of this pivotal moment in world history.
Contents
PREFACE
PART ONE: WAR
THE EUROPEAN STATE SYSTEM AND THE NAPOLEONIC WARS
The European State System of the Eighteenth Century
The Challenge of the French Revolution
The Rise of Napoleon
The Birth of the Napoleonic Empire and the War of the Third Coalition
The Napoleonic Empire at its Height
The Plans of Czartoryski and Pitt for the Reconstruction of Europe
2. THE COLLAPSE OF THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE, 1812-1814
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia and the Fourth Coalition
Castlereagh's Mission to the Continent
Negotiations at Châtillon
The Treaty of Chaumont
The Bourbon Restoration
The First Peace of Paris
PART TWO: PEACE
3. THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA, 1814-1815
The Decision to Convene a Congress
Preliminary Negotiations in Paris and London
The Characters of the Statesmen
Diplomatic Aims on the Eve of the Congress
The Procedural Question
The Social Life of the Congress
The Polish Question and Alexander's Diplomatic Triumph
The Saxon Question and the Secret Treaty of 3 January 1815
The Other Questions at the Congress
The Question of a General Guarantee
Assessments of the Settlement
4. THE BIRTH OF THE CONGRESS SYSTEM, 1815-1818
The Hundred Days
The Second Peace of Paris and the Quadruple Alliance
The Holy Alliance
The Allied Occupation of France
The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
PART THREE: DIPLOMACY
5. THE ALLIANCE IN OPERATION, 1819-1820
Central Europe and the Carlsbad Decrees
Peterloo and the Six Acts
The Revolution in Spain and Castlereagh's State Paper of 5 May 1820
The Neapolitan Revolution and Metternich's Dilemma
6. RIFT AND REUNION, 1820
