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Full Description
The tissue microarray (TMA) method presents as a modern high technology, although its roots go back to the 80s when researchers frst started to combine several small pieces of tissues into so-called sausage blocks. In this respect, the TMA invention was not frstly characterized by technical improvements, but its true novelty was to link clinical data to the tissues that were combined on one slide. The very high number of tissues that can be included into one TMA, the small size and regular shape of the tissue spots, the preser- tion of integrity of the donor tissue blocks, and the highly organized array pattern that allows for reliable allocation of clinical data to individual tissue spots made it a discrete technique with unique features. When the TMA technology was developed 12 years ago, its beneft was controversially debated. While many researchers welcomed the method enthusiastically, there were c- cerns by others that results obtained from the small tissue cores used for TMA making would not be suffciently representative of the donor tissues. Meanwhile, the increasing use of this technology has imposingly demonstrated its tremendous utility in research. In fact, basically all clinically relevant associations between molecular markers and clinical endpoints could be reproduced using only one single 0. 6 mm core per tissue sample so that TMAs have nowadays become a standard tool allowing for a new dimension of tissue analysis.
Contents
Applications of Tissue Microarray Technology.- Quality Aspects of TMA Analysis.- Representativity of TMA Studies.- Recipient Block TMA Technique.- Protocol for Constructing Tissue Arrays by Cutting Edge Matrix Assembly.- Hypodermic Needle Without Recipient Paraffin Block Technique.- Resin Technologies: Construction and Staining of Resin TMA's.- Tissue Microarrays from Frozen Tissues-OCT Technique.- An Alternative Technology to Prepare Tissue Microarray Using Frozen Tissue Samples.- Building "Tissue" Microarrays from Suspension Cells.- Tissue Microarrays from Biopsy Specimens.- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tissue Microarrays.- DNA Copy Number Analysis on Tissue Microarrays.- RNA Expression Analysis on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues in TMA Format by RNA In Situ Hybridization.- Automated Analysis of Tissue Microarrays.- Digital Microscopy for Boosting Database Integration and Analysis in TMA Studies.- From Gene to Clinic: TMA-Based Clinical Validation of Molecular Markers in Prostate Cancer.
