Full Description
The fully updates Second Edition includes new learning objectives and learning checks to help guide students through the material and ensure content understanding and retention. Coverage of the fundamental areas in statistics begins with descriptive statistics, moves into probability, and ends with regression to make the content easier for students to follow. Emphasis is placed on balancing thoroughness with ease of understanding in order to show students the importance and relevance of statistics in their future criminal justice careers.
Contents
Preface to the Second EditionAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorPart 1-Descriptive StatisticsChapter 1-Introduction to the Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and CriminologyScience: Basic Terms and ConceptsTypes of Scientific Research in Criminal Justice and CriminologySoftware Packages for Statistical AnalysisOrganization of the BookChapter 1 Review ProblemsChapter 2-Types of Variables and Levels of MeasurementUnits of AnalysisIndependent and Dependent VariablesRelationships Between Variables: A Cautionary NoteLevels of MeasurementChapter SummaryChapter 2 Review ProblemsChapter 3-Organizing, Displaying, and Presenting DataData DistributionsGraphs and ChartsGrouped DataSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 3 Review ProblemsChapter 4-Measures of Central TendencyThe ModeThe MedianThe MeanUsing the Mean and Median to Determine Distribution ShapeDeviation Scores and the Mean as the Midpoint of the MagnitudesSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 4 Review ProblemsChapter 5-Measures of DispersionThe Variation RatioThe RangeThe VarianceThe Standard DeviationThe Standard Deviation and the Normal CurveSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 5 Review ProblemsPart 2-Probability and DistributionsChapter 6-ProbabilityDiscrete Probability: The Binomial Probability DistributionContinuous Probability: The Standard Normal CurveChapter SummaryChapter 6 Review ProblemsChapter 7-Population, Sample, and Sampling DistributionsEmpirical Distributions: Population and Sample DistributionsTheoretical Distributions: Sampling DistributionsSample Size and the Sampling Distribution: The z and t DistributionsChapter SummaryChapter 7 Review ProblemsChapter 8-Point Estimates and Confidence IntervalsThe Level of Confidence: The Probability of Being CorrectConfidence Intervals for Means with Large SamplesConfidence Intervals for Means with Small SamplesConfidence Intervals With Proportions and PercentagesChapter SummaryChapter 8 Review ProblemsPart 3-Hypothesis TestingChapter 9-Hypothesis Testing: A Conceptual IntroductionSample Statistics and Population Parameters: Sampling Error or True Difference?Null and Alternative HypothesesChapter SummaryChapter 9 Review ProblemsChapter 10-Hypothesis Testing With Two Categorical Variables: Chi-SquareConceptual Basis of the Chi-Square Test: Statistical Dependence and IndependenceThe Chi-Square Test of IndependenceMeasures of AssociationSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 10 Review ProblemsChapter 11-Hypothesis Testing With Two Population Means or ProportionsTwo-Population Tests for Differences Between Means: t TestsTwo-Population Tests for Differences Between ProportionsSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 11 Review ProblemsChapter 12-Hypothesis Testing With Three or More Population Means: Analysis of VarianceANOVA: Different Types of VariancesWhen the Null Is Rejected: A Measure of Association and Post Hoc TestsSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 12 Review ProblemsChapter 13-Hypothesis Testing With Two Continuous Variables: CorrelationBeyond Statistical Significance: Sign, Magnitude, and Coefficient of DeterminationSPSSChapter SummaryChapter 13 Review ProblemsChapter 14-Introduction to Regression AnalysisOne Independent Variable and One Dependent Variable: Bivariate RegressionAdding More Independent Variables: Multiple RegressionOrdinary Least Squares Regression in SPSSWhen the Dependent Variable Is Not Continuous and Normally Distributed: Alternatives to OLSChapter SummaryChapter 14 Review ProblemsAppendix A-Review of Basic Mathematical TechniquesAppendix B-The Standard Normal (z) DistributionAppendix C-t DistributionAppendix D-Chi-Square (?(2)) DistributionAppendix E-F DistributionGlossaryAnswers to Learning ChecksAnswers to Review ProblemsReferencesIndex
