Full Description
Undergraduate students of social statistics in sociology and across the social sciences.
Contents
CHAPTER 1The Research ProcessAsking Research QuestionsThe Role of TheoryFormulating the HypothesesCollecting DataA Cautionary Note: Measurement ErrorAnalyzing Data and Evaluating the HypothesesLooking at Social DifferencesCHAPTER 2: The Organization and Graphic Presentation of DataFrequency DistributionsProportions and PercentagesPercentage DistributionsComparisonsStatistics in Practice: Labor Force Participation Among Foreign BornThe Construction of Frequency DistributionsCumulative DistributionsRatesStatistics in Practice: Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates Over TimeReading the Research Literature: Statistical TablesThe Pie Chart: Race and Ethnicity of the ElderlyThe Bar Graph: Marital Status of the ElderlyThe HistogramStatistics in Practice: Gender and AgeThe Line GraphTime-Series ChartsA Cautionary Note: Distortions in GraphsStatistics in Practice: The Graphic Presentation of EducationCHAPTER 3: Measures of Central TendencyThe ModeThe MedianStatistics in Practice: Gendered Income InequalityThe MeanFinding the Mean in a Frequency DistributionThe Shape of the Distribution: Television, Education, and SiblingsConsiderations for Choosing a Measure of Central TendencyA Cautionary Note: Representing IncomeCHAPTER 4: Measures of VariabilityThe Importance of Measuring VariabilityThe RangeThe Interquartile Range: Increases in Elderly PopulationThe Variance and the Standard Deviation: Changes in the Elderly PopulationsConsiderations for Choosing a Measure of VariationReading the Research Literature: Differences in College Aspirations and Expectations AmongCHAPTER 5: The Normal DistributionProperties of the Normal DistributionStandard (Z) ScoresThe Standard Normal DistributionThe Standard Normal TableTransforming Proportions (or Percentages) Into Z ScoresCHAPTER 6: Sampling and Sampling DistributionsThe Concept of the Sampling DistributionThe Sampling Distribution of the MeanThe Central Limit TheoremStatistics in Practice: The Central Limit TheoremCHAPTER 7: EstimationEstimation DefinedProcedures for Estimating Confidence Intervals for MeansConfidence Intervals for ProportionsStatistics in Practice: The 2012 Benghazi Terrorist Attack InvestigationA Cautionary Note: The Margin of ErrorCHAPTER 8: Testing HypothesesAssumptions of Statistical Hypothesis TestingStating the Research and Null HypothesesDetermining What Is Sufficiently Improbable: Probability Values and AlphaThe Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing: A SummaryErrors in Hypothesis TestingStatistics in Practice: The Earnings of White WomenTesting Hypotheses About Two SamplesThe Sampling Distribution of the Difference Between MeansPopulation Variances Are Assumed to Be UnequalThe Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing About Difference Between Means: A SummaryFocus on Interpretation: Cigarette Use Among TeensTesting the Significance of the Difference Between Two Sample ProportionsStatistics in Practice: Comparing First- and Second-Generation Hispanic AmericansIs There a Significant Difference?Reading the Research Literature: Reporting the Results of Statistical Hypothesis TestingCHAPTER 9: Bivariate TablesIndependent and Dependent VariablesHow to Construct a Bivariate Table: Race and Home OwnershipHow to Compute Percentages in a Bivariate TableHow to Deal With Ambiguous Relationships Between VariablesReading the Research Literature: Place of Death in AmericaThe Properties of a Bivariate RelationshipElaborationThe Concept of Chi-Square as a Statistical TestThe Concept of Statistical IndependenceThe Structure of Hypothesis Testing With Chi-SquareSample Size and Statistical Significance for Chi-SquareFocus on Interpretation: Education and Health AssessmentProportional Reduction of Error: A Brief IntroductionWhat Is Strong? What Is Weak? A Guide to InterpretationLambda: A Measure of Association for Nominal VariablesCramer's V: A Chi-Square-Related Measure of Association for Nominal VariablesFocus on Interpretation: Gamma and Kendall's Tau-bUsing Ordinal Measures With Dichotomous VariablesFocus on Interpretation: The Gender Gap in Gun ControlCHAPTER 10: Analysis of VarianceUnderstanding Analysis of VarianceThe Structure of Hypothesis Testing With ANOVAThe Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing: A SummaryAssessing the Relationship Between VariablesFocus on Interpretation: Are Immigrants Good for America's Economy?Reading the Research Literature: Stresses and Strains Among Grandmother CaregiversCHAPTER 11: Regression and CorrelationThe Scatter DiagramLinear Relations and Prediction RulesStatistics in Practice: Median Household Income and Criminal BehaviorMethods for Assessing the Accuracy of PredictionsStatistics in Practice: Teen Pregnancy and Social InequalityFocus on Interpretation: The Marriage Penalty in EarningsA Cautionary Note: Spurious Correlations and Confounding EffectsAppendix A. The Standard Normal TableAppendix B. Distribution of tAppendix C. Distribution of Chi-SquareAppendix D. Distribution of FAppendix E. A Basic Math ReviewLearning Check SolutionsAnswers to Odd-Numbered ExercisesGlossary
