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Full Description
In Cultural Revolution and Revolutionary Culture, Alessandro Russo presents a dramatic new reading of China's Cultural Revolution as a mass political experiment aimed at thoroughly reexamining the tenets of communism. Russo explores four critical phases of the Cultural Revolution, each with its own reworking of communist political subjectivity: the historical-theatrical "prologue" of 1965; Mao's attempts to shape the Cultural Revolution in 1965 and 1966; the movements and organizing between 1966 and 1968 and the factional divides that ended them; and the mass study campaigns from 1973 to 1976 and the unfinished attempt to evaluate the inadequacies of the political decade that brought the Revolution to a close. Among other topics, Russo shows how the dispute around the play Hai Rui Dismissed from Office was not the result of a Maoist conspiracy, but rather a series of intense and unresolved political and intellectual controversies. He also examines the Shanghai January Storm and the problematic foundation of the short-lived Shanghai Commune. By exploring these and other political-cultural moments of Chinese confrontations with communist principles, Russo overturns conventional wisdom about the Cultural Revolution.
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
Part I. A Theatrical Prologue
1. Afterlives of an "Upright Official" 11
2. Political and Historical Dilemmas 26
3. An Unresolved Controversy 48
Part II. Mao's Anxiety and Resolve
4. A Probable Defeat and Revisionism 91
5. Shrinking the Cultural Superego 104
Part III. A Political Test for Class Politics
6. Testing the Organization 141
7. A Subjective Split in the Working Class 167
8. Facing a Self-Defeat 204
Part IV. At the Edge of an Epochal Turning Point
9. Intellectual Conditions for a Political Assessment 239
10. Foundations of Deng Xiaoping's Strategy 263
Notes 285
Bibliography 323
Index 343
