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How does a culture respond when the limits of childhood become uncertain? The emergence of pre-adolescence in the 1980s, which is signified by the new PG-13 rating for film, disrupted the established boundaries between childhood and adulthood. The concept of pre-adolescence affected not only America's pillar ideals of family and childhood innocence but also the very foundation of the horror genre's identity, its association with maturity and exclusivity.
Cultural disputes over the limits of childhood and horror were explicitly articulated in the children's horror trend (1980-1997), a cluster of child-oriented horror titles in film and other media, which included Gremlins, The Gate, the Goosebumps series, and others. As the first serious analysis of the children's horror trend, with a focus on the significance of ratings, this book provides a complete chart of its development while presenting it as a document of American culture's adaptation to pre-adolescence. Each important children's horror title corresponds to a key moment of ideological negotiation, cultural power struggles, and industrial compromise.
Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction. Read If You Dare: The Problem of Children and Horror
• Pre-Adolescence, a Millennial "Discovery"
• Horror and the Childhood/Adulthood Frontier
• PG-13: A Critical Milestone
• Eye of the Storm: The Children's Horror Trend
• A Map for the Road Ahead
Part I: Rupture
1. "This could be our Exorcist!" Disney, Horror and the New Rules of Childhood
• Learning New Rules: Ron Miller's Disney, 1978-1983
• A Ghastly Landmark: The Watcher in the Woods
• Conclusion: Miller's Last Effort
2. Parents Strongly Cautioned: PG-13, a Cultural Turning Point
• Discussing Classification: A History of Not Asking All the Questions
• The Poltergeist Before the Storm
• Temple of Doom: The Children Will Scream with Delighted Horror!
• Gremlins Against America
• Conclusion
3. Horror vs. Children: Confronting Young Audiences After PG-13
• Establishing an Identity: PG-13 from 1984 to 1989
• Quintessential Children's Horror: The Gate
• Whose Genre Is It? The Gate, The Lost Boys, The Monster Squad
• Conclusion
Part II: Negotiation
4. Backlash: The R-Rated 1990s
• Restoring Horror's Maturity: Back to the 1970s?
• So What of Children's Horror?
• Conclusion: The End of a Film Cycle, the Start of a New Era
5. The Final Conflict: Children's Horror Meets Family Entertainment
• Family Values: A New Hollywood for New Cultural Attitudes
• A Short-Lived Truce: The Witches
• Closing the Cycle: Casper
• Conclusion
6. "Viewer beware ... you're in for a scare": The Horror
delete deletePuberty, Televised and Serialized
• Meanwhile, in Other Media: The Children's Market Welcomes
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• Building an Empire: The Goosebumps Franchise
• Monstrous Puberty or, When Is a Formula Something Else?
• Conclusion
Conclusion: Sometimes It Comes Back: Children's Horror Today
• Summary: The Insights of Children's Horror
• The (Il)Legitimacy of Children in Horror
• PG-13 and the End of Children's Cinema?
• The Millennial Twist (or, the Generation Who Came of Age Twice)
Appendix: A Selection of Children's Horror
• A. Before the Trend: Early Wave
• B. The Children's Horror Film Cycle, 1980-1995
• C. The Children's Horror Trend, 1980-1997
• D. After the Trend: Children's Horror Today
Chapter Notes
Works Cited
Index
