Full Description
This textbook introduces the main units and concepts you require to describe speech sounds accurately. By working through the book and the various exercises included, you will come to understand the need for a dedicated system of description and transcription for speech sounds, and for a degree of phonological abstraction to support our understanding of the behaviour of sounds in particular languages and varieties. You will learn to carry out elementary, broad phonetic transcription, and be able to establish contrastive vowel and consonant systems for your own varieties and to express simple generalisations reflecting the productive and predictable patterns of English sounds. At the end of the book there is a section guiding you through some of the exercises and there is also a detailed glossary which will be useful for assignments or revision during exams.
Contents
To students; To colleagues 1. Sounds, spellings and symbols 1.1 Phonetics and phonology 1.2 Variation 1.3 The International Phonetic Alphabet Exercises and topics for discussionRecommendations for reading
2 The phoneme: the same but different 2.1 Variation and when to ignore it 2.2 Conditioned variation in written language 2.3 The phoneme 2.4 Some further examples 2.5 The reality of the phoneme Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading 3 Describing English consonants 3.1 What's inside a phonetic symbol? 3.2 Consonant classification 3.3 The anatomy of a consonant Exercises Recommendations for reading
4 Defining distributions: consonant allophones 4.1 Phonemes revisited 4.2 Making generalisations 4.3 Making statements more precise 4.4 A more economical feature system 4.5 Natural classes 4.6 A warning note on phonological rules Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading
5 Criteria for contrast: the phoneme system 5.1 Minimal pairs and beyond 5.2 Phonetic similarity and defective distributions 5.3 Free variation 5.4 Neutralisation 5.5 Phonology and morphology 5.6 Rules and constraints 5.7 The phoneme system Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading 6 Describing vowels 6.1 Vowels versus consonants 6.2 The anatomy of a vowel 6.3 Vowel classification Exercises Recommendations for reading 7 Vowel phonemes 7.1 The same but different again 7.2 Establishing vowel contrasts 7.3 Vowel features and allophonic rules 7.4 Phonetic similarity and defective distribution 7.5 Free variation, neutralisation and morphophonemics Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading
8 Variation between accents 8.1 The importance of accent 8.2 Systemic differences 8.3 Realisational differences 8.4 Distributional differences8.5 New accents - language contact and World Englishes Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading
9 Syllables 9.1 Phonology above the segment 9.2 The syllable 9.3 Constituents of the syllable 9.4 The grammar of syllables: patterns of acceptability 9.5 Justifying the constituents Exercises and topics for discussion Recommendations for reading
10 The word and above 10.1 Phonological units above the syllable 10.2 Stress 10.3 The foot 10.4 Segmental phonology of the phrase and word10.5 Intonation Exercises and topics for discussionRecommendations for reading
Glossary; Discussion of the exercises; References; Index
