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Full Description
This compelling analysis of the modern Middle East - based on research in 19 archives and numerous languages - shows the transition from an internal history characterised by local realities that were plural and multidimensional, and where identities were flexible and hybrid, to a simplified history largely imagined and imposed by external actors. The author demonstrates how the once-heterogeneous identities of Middle Eastern peoples were sealed into a standardised and uniform version that persists to this day. He also sheds light on the efforts that peoples in the region - in the context of a new process of homogenisation of diversities - are exerting in order to get back into history, regaining possession of their multifaceted pasts.
Contents
Lists of Figures
Abbreviations
Note on Transliteration
Acknowledgements
Introduction: The Past's Present
Chapter 1. Beyond 'Tribes' and 'Sects': On Concepts and Terms
Chapter 2. The First Moment; 1830s: The Germs of Competing Ethno-Religious Visions
Chapter 3. The Second Moment; The Tanẓīmāt's Long Waves: Politicising Ethno-Religious Differences
Chapter 4. The Third Moment; From Ethnocentric Drives to a New Millet System
Chapter 5. Balfour's 'Pattern'
Chapter 6. The Racialisation of Middle Eastern People
Chapter 7. Beyond 'Artificiality': Borders, States, Nations
Conclusion: The Present's Past
Index
