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Full Description
Pharmacology is fundamental for therapeutics. This is well recognised in the field of internal medicine, for which pharmacological textbooks abound. Paediatric pharmacology however, has largely been viewed as a subsection of general medicine. This is incorrect: it should be seen as a separate and important entity. This book is written from the viewpoint of a paediatrician, but it is addressed to all who have responsibility for the care of children, parti cularly physicians and pharmacists. As the latter may lack familiarity with certain diseases of children, I have added a clinical appendix in certain pertinent areas. My approach in each chapter has been to show the interdependence of physiology and pharmacology. Thus I make no apology for providing a physiological review for most topics. Each chapter is reasonably self-contained. I have presumed that a majority of readers will most often go directly to that section relevant to their immediate requirements, and therefore I have sometimes had to restate important points in more than one place. Nevertheless, for the cover to-cover reader, there will not be an excess of repetition. Since this is not a textbook of adult therapeutics, there will be no discussion of such things as coronary vasodilators. Likewise, the obstetric pharmacology of parturition has been omitted, although I have thoroughly covered the pharmacological problems of the fetus and the infant. I am greatly obliged to generations of my students, both under graduate and postgraduate.
Contents
1. Principles of Drug Action and Disposition.- Chemical Identity of Drugs.- Bonding Mechanisms.- Absorption of Drugs.- Distribution of Drugs.- The Biotransformation of Drugs.- The Excretion of Drugs.- 2. Elementary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.- Pharmacokinetics.- Pharmacodynamics.- 3. The Pharmacology of the Fetus and Placenta.- The Placenta.- The Fetus.- The Effects of Drugs Upon the Fetus.- Fetal Pharmacokinetics.- Teratology.- 4. The Pharmacology of the Perinatal Period.- Intrapartum Phase.- Postpartum Phase.- The Pharmacology of Specific Drugs used in the Newborn.- Drugs and Breast Feeding.- 5. The Pharmacology of the Older Child.- Influence of Physiological Factors on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability.- The Effect of Disease on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability.- Conditions Affecting the Binding, Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs.- Drug Metabolism.- Drug Excretion.- 6. The Central Nervous System.- Anatomy and Organisation.- The Psychotropic Agents.- Sedatives and Hypnotics.- Analgesics.- The Anti-convulsant Drugs.- Drugs Affecting the Central Control of Muscle Function.- Anaesthesia.- Clinical Appendix.- 7. The Peripheral Nervous System.- The Autonomic System.- The Physiology of Smooth Muscle.- Drugs Affecting Neuro-muscular Transmission.- 8. The Cardiovascular System.- The Physiology of Cardiac Contraction.- Cardiotonic Drugs.- Cardiotoxic Drugs.- The Physiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm.- Disturbance of Cardiac Rate and Rhythm.- Drugs Used to Treat Arrhythmias.- Drug Induced Arrthymias.- The Physiology of Blood-pressure Control.- Antihypertensive Drugs.- Drugs Causing Systemic Hypertension.- Pulmonary Hypertension.- Clinical Appendix.- 9. The Alimentary System.- The Physiology of the Mouth, Salivary Glands and Oesophagus.- The Physiology of the Stomach.- The Physiology of the Lower Bowel.- Drugs which Act Upon the Gastrointestinal System.- The Pancreas.- The Liver and Bile Ducts.- Clinical Appendix.- 10. The Respiratory System.- The Physiology of the Respiratory System.- Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System.- Clinical Appendix.- 11. The Urinary System.- The Physiology of the Kidney.- Drugs Affecting the Kidney.- The Physiology of the Bladder.- Drugs Affecting Bladder Function.- Clinical Appendix.- 12. The Haemopoietic System.- The Physiology of the Red Cell.- Physiology of the Leucocytes.- Haemostasis.- The Fibrinolytic System and Thrombolysis.- 13. The Endocrine System.- The Hypothalamic/Pituitary Complex.- The Pituitary.- The Adrenal Gland.- Inhibitors of Adrenal Steroid Synthesis.- The Thyroid.- The Pancreas.- Androgens and Anabolic Steroids.- Progestogens and Oestrogens.- Agents Affecting Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism.- Clinical Appendix.- 14. The Pharmacology of the Skin.- Anatomy and Function.- Variations and Diseases.- Treatment with Drugs.- Skin Disinfectants and Antiseptics.- Drugs Which Cause Skin Disease.- 15. The Pharmacology of the Eye.- Structure and Function.- Drug Treatments.- Mydriatics.- Drug Treatment of Glaucoma.- Drug Effects Upon Ocular Function.- 16. General and Specific Chemotherapy.- Antimicrobial Agents.- Drugs Used to Treat Protozoal Infection and Infestation by Multicellular Organisms.- Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Disorders.- 17. Immunity and its Modification by Drugs.- Normal Mechanisms of Immunity.- Active Immunisation.- Passive Immunisation.- Adjuvants of the Immune Response.- Immunosuppressants.- Immune Tolerance.- Hypersensitivity Responses.- Drug Therapy of Hypersensitivity.- Drugs Used in Inflammation.- 18. Ethics and Problems of Clinical Trials in Children.- Some Types of Clinical Trials.- Suggestions for Further Reading.
