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Full Description
In the early 1980s capillary liquid chromatography was being established; it was a period in which only a few research groups published a relatively small number of papers on the subject. In terest has since taken off, and a period of intense development, to which no end is yet in sight, is now upon us. More investiga tors and instrument-making firms are now entering the field. This greater interest has resulted in the rapid appearance of two collec tions [1, 2] and a series of topical reviews [3-6]. However, it could hardly be said that all the problems in this area have been formulated, let alone solved. The preparation of very efficient - open tubular or packed - microbore columns, for example, remains more an art than a science, while the relation ship between radial and longitudinal mass transfer, and the effect of transcolumn velocity profiles on chromatographic efficiency, have been very poorly studied. Indeed, recent publications on these subjects have sometimes, far from clarifying matters, only muddied them further. Many instrument-making firms are trying to unify their equip ment so that it is suitable for microbore, conventional (analytical), and preparative liquid chromatography. This approach has not real ized the full potential of capillary chromatography, and there also remains room for improving the performance of capillary columns.
Contents
1. Introduction.- 2. Development and Achievements of Capillary Liquid Chromatography.- 3. Theoretical Basis of Capillary liquid Chromatography.- 3.1. Band Spreading in Packed and Open Tubular Columns.- 3.2. Optimizing Liquid Chromatography.- 3.3. Extracolumn Spreading and Optimizing the Chromatographic System.- 3.4. Optimization with Respect to Analysis Speed.- 3.5. Optimization with Respect to Sensitivity (Ultrasensitive Analysis).- 3.6. Superefficient Analysis.- 3.7. Conclusion.- 4. Equipment for Capillary Liquid Chromatography.- 4.1. Specifications.- 4.2. Microbore Liquid Chromatographs.- 4.3. Detectors for Capillary Liquid Chromatography.- 4.4. Devices for Injecting and Concentrating Samples.- 4.5. Solvent Delivery Systems.- 4.6. Temperature Gradients for Capillary Chromatography..- 5. Preparing and testing capillary columns for liquid Chromatography.- 5.1. Experimental Methods for Determining the Peak Variance Associated with Extracolumn Band Spreading.- 5.2. Packed Microbore Columns. Relationship between Performance and Packing Method.- 5.3. Preparing and Testing Microcapillary Columns.- 5.4. Possible Future Increases in the Performance of Capillary Columns.- 6. Application of Microbore Chromatography to the Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Compounds.- 6.1. Amino Acids, Their Derivatives, Peptides, and Proteins.- 6.1.A. Ultrasensitive Analyses of Amino Acids and Amines (Postcolumn Derivatization with o-Phthalic Dialdehyde).- 6.1.5. Microbore Steric-Exciusion Chromatography of Large Peptides.- 6. 1.6. Reversed-Phase Chromatography of Proteins in Short Microbore Columns.- 6.2 Steric-Exclusion Microbore Chromatography Applied to the Study of Protein Association.- 6.3. Microbore Column Chromatography of Polymers and Oligomers.- 6.4. Analyses of Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals.- 6.5. Analyses of Nucleic Acid Components.- 6.6. Analyses of Medicines and Biologically Active Compounds.- 6.7. Microbore Liquid Chromatography in Environmental Monitoring.- 6.8. Microbore Liquid Chromatography Applied to Inorganic Compounds.- 7. Conclusion.- References.
