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Full Description
The science of nutrition has advanced beyond expectation since Antoine La voisier as early as the 18th century showed that oxygen was necessary to change nutrients in foods to compounds which would become a part of the human body. He was also the first to measure metabolism and to show that oxidation within the body produces heat and energy. In the two hundred years that have elapsed, the essentiality of nitrogen-containing nutrients and of proteins for growth and maintenance of tissue has been established; the ne cessity for carbohydrates and certain types of fat for health has been docu mented; vitamins necessary to prevent deficiency diseases have been identified and isolated; and the requirement of many mineral elements for health has been demonstrated. Further investigations have defined the role of these nutrients in metabolic processes and quantitated their requirements at various stages of development. Additional studies have involved their use in the possible prevention of, and therapy for, disease conditions.
Contents
1 The Hematopoietic System.- 1. Iron Deficiency.- 2. Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency.- 3. Other Nutrient Deficiencies Affecting Hematopoiesis.- 4. References.- 2 Nutritional Disorders of the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thiamine Deficiency.- 3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency.- 4. Nutritional Amblyopia.- 5. Niacin Deficiency.- 6. Pyridoxine.- 7. Folic Acid.- 8. References.- 3 Nutrition and the Musculoskeletal System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle.- 3. Cardiomyopathies—Myocardial Disease.- 4. Nutrition and the Skeletal System (Bone).- 5. References.- 4 The Interaction between the Gastrointestinal Tract and Nutrient Intake.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of Dietary Nutritional Deficiencies and Excesses on the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 3. Effects of Gastrointestinal Disease on Nutrient Absorption and Utilization.- 4. References.- 5 Nutritional Effects of Hepatic Failure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dietary Intake.- 3. Digestion and Absorption.- 4. Metabolism.- 5. Vitamins.- 6. Minerals.- 7. References.- 6 Cardiac Failure.- 1. Physiology of Cardiac Failure.- 2. Signs, Symptoms, and Results of Cardiac Failure.- 3. Treatment of Cardiac Failure.- 4. Summary.- 5. References.- 7 The Relationship of Diet and Nutritional Status to Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Restricted or Excessive Dietary Intakes.- 3. Dietary Protein.- 4. Fat.- 5. Carbohydrate.- 6. Vitamins.- 7. Minerals.- 8. References.- 8 Mutual Relationships among Aging, Nutrition, and Health.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiologic Aging, Nutrition, and Health Promotion.- 3. Eating and Aging.- 4. Education: Prime Catalyst in Inducing Change.- 5. Conclusion.- 6. References.- 9 Effects of Organ Failure on Nutrient Absorption, Transportation, and Utilization: Endocrine System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. DiabetesMellitus.- 3. Vitamin D and Parathyroid Disorders.- 4. Thyroid Disorders.- 5. Other Endocrine Disturbances with Nutritional Implications.- 6. References.- 10 Megavitamins and Food Fads.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definition of Vitamins.- 3. Other Statements on U.S. Senate Bill S2801.- 4. Overdosage.- 5. Nonvitamins Promoted as Vitamins by Health Food Stores.- 6. References.- 11 Effects of Ethanol on Nutritional Status.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of Ethanol on the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Liver.- 3. Effects of Ethanol on Nutrient Metabolism.- 4. Nutritional Value of Alcoholic Beverages.- 5. Nutritional Status of Alcoholics.- 6. References.- 12 Infectious Diseases: Effects on Food Intake and Nutrient Requirements.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nutritional Responses to Acute Febrile Infections.- 3. Nutritional Aspects of Chronic Infection.- 4. Nutrient Requirements during Infection.- 5. Summary.- 6. References.- 13 Obesity: Its Assessment, Risks, and Treatments.- 1. Definition and Diagnosis.- 2. Adipose Tissue in Obesity.- 3. Risks.- 4. Treatment.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 14 Nutrition and the Kidney.- 1. Kidney Function.- 2. Interrelationships between Nutrients and Kidney Dysfunction.- 3. Effects of Malnutrition on Renal Function.- 4. Urinary Tract Stones.- 5. Nephrotic Syndrome.- 6. Hypertension.- 7. Chronic Renal Failure.- 8. Acute Renal Failure.- 9. Parenteral Nutrition in Acute and Chronic Renal Failure.- 10. References.- Epilogue.
