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"awareness" of the world's citizens and encourage governments to devote more attention and resources to address this issue. The series editors thank the international panel of contributors for bringing this timely series into completion. We also wish to acknowledge the very insightful input of the following colleagues: Prof. A. L. Page of the University of California, Prof. T . C. Hutchinson of the University of Toronto , and Dr. Steve Lindberg of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We also wish to thank the superb effort and cooperation of the volume editors in handling their respective volumes. The constructive criticisms of chapter review ers also deserve much appreciation. Finally, we wish to convey our appreciation to my secretary, Ms. Brenda Rosier, and my technician, Ms. Claire Carlson, for their very able assistance in various aspects of this series. Aiken, South Carolina Domy C. Adriano Coordinating Editor Preface to Acidic Precipitation, Volume 5 (Advances in Environmental Science) Acidification research has been ongoing for several decades. It was not until the 1980s, however, that scientists began to recognize the complex ity of the factors causing the decline in forest growth and deterioration of fish populations in acidified lakes. The general feeling, based on correla tive research, was that long-range transported air pollution was the main cause. Proof, however, was difficult to obtain because of complex interac tions of various stress factors including natural ones.
Contents
Acidic Precipitation Research in Canada.- I. Introduction.- II. Atmospheric Studies.- III. Terrestrial Effects Studies.- IV. Aquatic/Catchment Studies.- V. Summary.- References.- Acidic Precipitation in Japan.- I. Introduction.- II. Geographical Characteristics of the Japanese Islands.- III. Changes in Surveys of Acidic Precipitation Constituents.- IV. Health Effects Episodes.- V. Kanto Area Survey of Pollution Mechanisms.- VI. Wide-Area Surveys of Fallout of Acidic Materials.- VII. Effect on Vegetation (Japanese Red Cedar).- VIII. Summary.- IX. Further Topics for Investigation.- References.- Acidic Precipitation and Forest Damage Research in Austria.- I. Introduction: Air Pollution, Acidic Precipitation, and Forest Damage in Austria.- II. Environmental Data Research: Air Quality, Deposition, and Forest Damage Monitoring.- III. The Forest Damage Research Program.- IV. Summary.- References.- Acidification Research in the Federal Republic of Germany.- I. Introduction.- II. Research on the Effects of Air Pollution.- III. Air Quality Monitoring Oriented Research.- IV. Air Quality Monitoring in the Federal Republic of Germany.- References.- Acidic Precipitation Research in The Netherlands.- I. Introduction.- II. Air Pollution Climate in The Netherlands.- III. Organization of Acidic Precipitation Research.- IV. Dutch Priority Program on Acidification.- V. Related Programs and Projects.- VI. Forest Damage Inventory.- VII. Other Observed Effects.- VIII. Some Conclusions.- References.- Anthropogenic Acidification of Precipitation in the USSR.- I. Natural Acidity of Rain.- II. Anthropogenic Emissions into the Atmosphere.- III. Air Pollution Concentrations.- IV. Atmospheric Processes.- V. Air Pollution with Heavy Metals.- VI. Acidic Deposition in the USSR.- References.- Atmospheric Acidic Deposition and Its Environmental Effect in Hungary.- I. Introduction.- II. Emission of Sulphur and Nitrogen Oxides.- III. Chemical Transformation of Primary Air Pollutants.- IV. Transport of Acidic Atmospheric Air Pollutants.- V. Acidic Deposition.- VI. Effect of Acidic Deposition on the Environment in Hungary.- VII. Conclusion.- References.- Acidic Precipitation Research in Poland.- I. Introduction.- II. The Chemical Composition of Rainfall and the Degree of Its Acidification.- III. The Impact of Acidic Precipitation on Soil Acidification.- References.- Acidic Precipitation Research in Italy.- I. Introduction.- II. Main Monitoring Networks.- III. Rainfall Climatology and Chemical Studies.- IV. Other Activities Undertaken and Future Research Needs.- V. Brief Outline of Studies on the Effects of Acidic Deposition in Italy.- VI. A Policy for Conservation of the Environment and Cultural Heritage.- References.- Development of Forest Damage and Air Pollution in Switzerland and Initiation of a Relevant National Research Program.- I. Introduction.- II. Forest Damage Situation.- III. Air Pollution Situation.- IV. A National Research Program: "Forest Damage and Air Pollution in Switzerland".- References.- Acidic Precipitation Research in Finland.- I. Introduction.- II. Emissions.- III. Atmospheric Processes.- IV. Air Quality and Deposition Monitoring.- V. Aquatic Effects.- VI. Forest Effects.- VII. Summary and Conclusions for Policy Recommendations.- References.- Acidic Precipitation Research in France.- I. Introduction.- II. A Brief Historical Rundown of Research into Acidic Rain.- III. The Structure and Goals of the DEFORPA Program.- IV. The First Result of the DEFORPA Program.- V. Conclusions on the Role of Acidic Precipitation in Forest Decline.- References.
