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Full Description
Mycoplasmas are placed in a separate class, Mollicutes, which removes them from bacteria. Their main characteristics are lack of a cellular wall and inability to synthesize the peptidoglycan polymer. The lack of a cell wall accounts for the pleomorphism, osmotic sensitivity, sensitivity to antibiotics that inhibit pep- tidoglycan polymerization and synthesis, susceptibility to lysis by alcohol and detergents, and the ability to grow on agar gel. At present, three families are placed in the class Mollicutes: Mycotaceae, Acholetaceae, and Spiroplasmataceae. The first pathogenic mycoplasmas were discovered in Pasteur's laboratory nearly 90 years ago as the causative agents of a sheep disease. They were first named PPLO, pleuropneumonia-like organisms. In 1928, Nocard in France coined the name mycoplasma for PPLO, but his publication and the new name remained practically unnoticed until Leonard Hayflick and Robert Channock succeeded in culturing the "PPLO" of human "atypical virus pneumonia" in the United States in 1960. Hayflick resurrected the name given by Nocard and since then, the causative agent of human "atypical virus pneumonia" is known as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Other mycoplasmas cause diseases in dogs, sheep, birds, cattle, pigs, etc.
Contents
I: Detection, Characterization and Cultivation of Plant Mycoplasmas.- 1 Plant Pathogenic Mycoplasmas: Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics.- 2 Purification and Properties of Mycoplasma-Like Organisms from Diseased Plants.- 3 Fluorescence Microscopy of Yellows Diseases Associated with Plant Mycoplasma-Like Organisms.- 4 Rapid and Specific Detection Methods for Plant Mycoplasmas.- 5 Prospects for Rapid Identification of Spiroplasmas in Plants and Animals.- 6 Trends in Research on Plant Mycoplasmas.- 7 New Developments in the Culture of Spiroplasma kunkelii, the Corn Stunt Spiroplasma.- 8 Comparative Morphology of Mycoplasma-Like Organisms.- 9 Three Dimensional Morphology of MLO and Spiroplasmas Studied by SEM.- II: Interactions with Plants, Insects, and Viruses.- 10 Ecological Associations of Spiroplasma citri with Insects, Plants, and Other Plant Mycoplasmas in the Western United States.- 11 The Occurrence and Interaction of Plant Viruses and Mollicutes in Plants and Insect Vectors.- 12 Bionomics of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott), a Vector of Mollicutes and Virus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).- III: Diseases of Rice, Potato, Corn, Citrus, Eggplant and Other Plants.- 13 The Apparent Yellows Disease of Dodonaea spp. in Hawaii.- 14 Rice Yellow Dwarf Disease.- 15 Mycoplasma-Associated Potato Diseases and Their Control in India.- 16 Mycoplasma Diseases of Corn in Florida.- 17 Stubborn Diseases of Citrus Caused by Spiroplasma citri.- 18 Little Leaf Disease of Eggplant.- 19 Earliest Historical Record of a Tree Mycoplasma Disease: Beneficial Effect of Mycoplasma-Like Organisms on Peonies.- IV: Chemotherapy and Other Methods of Control.- 20 The Pathways of Chemotherapeutants in the Control of Tree Diseases.- 21 Chemotherapy: Basic Research Approaches.- 22 Kinetin Treatment of Stolbur Diseased Plants and Possibility of Its Application in Chemotherapy.- 23 Non-Chemical Control of Plant Mycoplasma Diseases.
