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"One of the central features of modern German criminology in revealing the 'true nature of crime' follows the tradition of enlightment" instead of accommodating the approach of the criminal justice system. This contention is made by the editors of Developments in Crime and Crime Control Research, Drs. Sessar and Kerner, as they continue to bridge the traditional gap between Anglo-American scholars in criminology and their German counterparts. The language barrier has long been another contributing circumstance to the division of philosophy among countries, but recently, substantial attempts are being undertaken to examine more closely the differences among specific criminological schools of thinking. Drs. Sessar and Kerner point out that, although crime has its universality, a clear understanding of the various approaches to the problem of crime will prove of benefit to those in the field in all countries.
Contents
1 Limits of General Deterrence: The Case of Juvenile Delinquency.- Theoretical Frame of Reference.- Research Design and Methods.- Results.- Discussion.- 2 Attribution Theory and Deterrence Research: A New Approach to Old Problems.- Attribution Theory and Deterrence Theory.- Methods.- Findings.- Conclusion.- 3 Offenses by Prisoners on Leave of Absence: A Representative Study from Lower Saxony.- Introduction: The Prison System in the Federal Republic of Germany.- Leave of Absence.- Representative Study in the Lower Saxony Prison System on Offenses by Prisoners on Leave of Absence.- Summary and Conclusions.- 4 Sexuality, Violence, and Emotional Aftereffects: A Longitudinal Study of Victims of Forcible Rape and Sexual Deviance in Cases Reported to the Police.- Main Questions of the Study, Methodology, and Crime Numbers.- Results of the Study.- Consequences.- 5 Victim Compensation in Some Western Countries.- Program Objectives.- The Scope of the Schemes.- Evaluation of the Compensation Programs.- Concluding Remarks.- 6 Fear of Crime and Its Relationship to Directly and Indirectly Experienced Victimization: A Binational Comparison of Models.- Fear of Crime: Some General Considerations.- Research on Fear of Crime in Germany.- The Study: International Comparative Victim Surveys.- Methods and Data.- Multivariate Analysis and Findings.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- 7 Do People Really Want Punishment? On the Relationship between Acceptance of Restitution, Needs for Punishment, and Fear of Crime.- Methods.- Findings on Attitudes.- Findings on Fear of Crime and Attitudes.- Concluding Remarks.- 8 Fines in the Criminal Justice System.- The Fine as Criminal Penalty: Problems and Promises.- Fines in the Sentencing Process.- Choice of Fines among Criminal Sanctions.- Collection and Enforcement of Fines.- Is Fining Offenders a Superior Device?.- Conclusion.- 9 Multiple Offending.- General Counting Problems: Suspects versus Individuals Suspected of Crime.- Particular Research Studies: Data and Methods.- Multiple Offending Among Different Age Groups.- The Path from Multiple Offending to Criminal Careers.- Discussion and Concluding Remarks.- References.
