Full Description
The color photographs and illustrations appearing in select monographs over the past decade represent a significant advance in surgical commu- nication. Previously, black and white renderings were standard because color printing had not been perfected and its cost was prohibitive. We be- lieve the gradual change from black and white etchings and reproductions to detailed color illustrations represents a tremendous twentieth century achievement. In our own urologic practices it became evident that the use of black and white sketches for teaching operative urology, while helpful, left too much to the surgeon's imagination. Even the dimension of depth, produced by varying the intensity of shading, often was inadequate in demonstrat- ing subtle surgical details in a fossa or bed. Since color photography recently has been used to demonstrate oper- ative techniques, we climbed on the bandwagon and photographed in color many of the major operative procedures. However, the reflection of light caused by normal tissue fluid significantly reduces the clarity of photo- graphs. Not infrequently, the crucial operative step is obscured by light reflected on a trickle of blood. Even when meticulous care is taken to ir- rigate and clean the surgical field, the tissue sheen obscures portions of the field. Color paintings by a gifted artist are not only unique, but can be extraordinary; the vividness with which subtleties can thus be portrayed cannot be matched by photography, black and white or color.
Contents
1 The Kidney.- Surgical Anatomy.- Localization and Fascial Relationships.- Gross Structure.- Vascular Supply.- Lymphatic Network.- Nerve Supply.- Operative Techniques.- 1. Lumbar-Flank Approach.- 2. Anterior Abdominal-Transperitoneal (Transabdominal) Approach.- 3. Thoracoabdominal Approach.- Nephrectomy.- 4. Standard Nephrectomy.- 5. Subcapsular Nephrectomy.- 6. Standard Partial Nephrectomy.- 7. Tie Technique for Partial Nephrectomy.- 8. Segmental Nephrectomy Using Cooling Apparatus.- 9. Nephropexy.- 10. Pyelolithotomy.- Intrarenal Pyelolithotomy.- 11. Gil-Vernet Technique.- 12. Subcapsular Technique.- 13. Combined Pyelolithotomy-Nephrolithotomy.- 14. Stone Removal with Endoscopic Instruments.- 15. Removal of Staghorn Calculus.- 16. Hydronephrosis and Pyeloplasty.- 17. Surgical Treatment of Renal Cyst.- 18. Surgical Treatment of Polycystic Kidney.- Kidney Transplantation.- 19. Adult.- 20. Child.- 21. Autotransplantation of the Kidney.- Renovascular Surgery.- 22. Transabdominal-Transperitoneal Approach to the Left Renal Artery and Left Kidney.- 23. Transperitoneal Approach to the Right Renal Artery and Right Kidney.- 24. Exposure of Both Renal Arteries.- 25. Endarterectomy of the Right Proximal Renal Artery.- 26. Segmental Removal of a Stenosed or Fibromuscular Segment.- 27. Aortorenal Dacron Bypass Graft from Mid-right Renal Artery to More Inferior Abdominal Aorta.- 28. Splenorenal Arterial Anastomosis.- 29. Removal of Extrarenal Aneurysm, Right Renal Artery.- 30. Renal Artery Aneurysm Involving Entire Right Renal Artery at Major Bifurcation into Posterior and Anterior Branches.- References.- 2 The Ureter.- Surgical Anatomy.- Structure and Location.- Surgical Recognition.- Vascular Supply.- Nerve Supply.- Operative Techniques.- 31. Foley "Muscle Splitting" Incision.- 32. Vertical Lumbar Approach with Minimal Muscle Dissection for Upper Ureteral Calculus.- 33. Ureterolithotomies of Lower Ureter.- 34. Ureterolithotomy by Transvesical Approach.- 35. End-to-End Ureteroureterostomy.- 36. Transureteroureterostomy.- 37. Unilateral and Bilateral Cutaneous Ureterostomy.- 38. Unilateral Cutaneous Ureterostomy.- 39. Bilateral Cutaneous Ureterostomy.- Routine Bowel Preparation for Bowel Surgery.- 40. Bilateral Ureterosigmoidostomy (Goodwin Procedure).- 41. Ureterosigmoid Anastomosis from Outside the Sigmoid.- 42. Other Ureterointestinal Anastomotic Procedures.- Vesicoureteral Antireflux Procedure.- 43. Politano-Leadbetter.- 44. Other Procedures.- 45. Total Nephroureterectomy for a Ureteral Carcinoma.- References.- 3 The Bladder.- Surgical Anatomy.- Structure and Location.- Vascular Supply.- Nerve Supply.- Operative Techniques.- 46. Suprapubic Cystostomy.- 47. Open Resection of Tumor.- 48. Open Repair of Bladder Neck Contracture.- 49. Boari-Ockerblad-Bischoff Bladder Flap for Ureteral Substitution.- 50. Partial (Segmental) Cystectomy.- 51. Radical Cystectomy and Lymph Node Dissection.- 52. Urethrectomy Following Total Cystectomy and Prostatectomy.- 53. Isolated Segment of Ileum for Urinary Diversion (Bricker Loop).- 54. Alternate Procedures for Urinary Diversion.- Bladder Enlargement.- 55. Goodwin Cup Patch Technique.- 56. Sigmoid Cystoplasty.- 57. Cecal Bladder Construction.- Vesicovaginal Fistula.- 58. Vaginal Approach.- 59. Transperitoneal Transvesical Approach.- 60. Peritoneal Flap Technique.- 61. Omental Flap Technique.- References.- 4 The Prostate.- Surgical Anatomy.- Structure and Location.- Fascial Relationships.- Vascular Supply.- Operative Techniques.- 62. Retropubic Prostatectomy (Vesicocapsular Prostatectomy).- 63. Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy.- 64. Vesical-Urethral Anastomosis.- 65. Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection.- 66. Radical Perineal Prostatectomy-Belt Approach.- References.- 5 The Urethra.- Surgical Anatomy.- The Male Urethra.- The Female Urethra.- Operative Techniques.- 67. Surgical Repair of the Ruptured Urethra at the Distal Prostatic Junction.- 68. Perineal Urethrotomy: Removal of a Large (1.5-cm) Calculus.- 69. Transurethral Removal of Stone or Foreign Body.- Urethroplasty.- 70. First-Stage Urethroplasty-Turner-Warwick Procedure.- 71. Second-Stage Urethroplasty-Turner-Warwick Procedure.- Posterior Urethroplasty.- 72. First-Stage Urethroplasty.- 73. Second-Stage Urethroplasty.- 74. Modified First-Stage Posterior Urethroplasty.- Multiple-Stage Repair of Hypospadias with Chordee Removal.- 75. First-Stage Hypospadias Repair.- 76. Second-Stage Hypospadias Repair (Abdundant Skin Available).- 77. Second-Stage Hypospadias Repair (Marginal Skin Available, D. Browne Technique).- 78. One-Stage Repair of Hypospadias.- 79. One-Stage Repair of Perineal Hypospadias.- 80. Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure.- 81. Surgical Treatment of Urethral Disease in the Female.- 82. Removal of Distal or Mid-Urethral Lesions.- References.- 6 The Penis.- Surgical Anatomy.- Structure.- Vascular Supply.- Nerve Supply.- Operative Techniques.- 83. Circumcision.- 84. Circumcision in Infancy.- 85. Trauma to the Penile Shaft.- 86. Covering an Extensive Skin Defect of the Penile Shaft.- Correction of Priapism and Organic Impotency.- 87. Anastomosis of the Cavernous Body to the Spongy Body.- 88. Anastomosis of the Right Saphenous Vein to the Cavernous Body.- 89. Correction of Organic Impotency.- References.- 7 The Scrotum and Its Contents.- Surgical Anatomy.- Structure of the Scrotum.- Structure of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord.- Vascular Supply.- Nerve Supply.- Surgical Anatomy of the Seminal Vesicle and Vas Deferens.- Operative Techniques.- 90. Left Hydrocelectomy in the Infant.- 91. Hydrocelectomy in the Adult.- 92. Spermatocelectomy in the Adult.- 93. Left Varicocelectomy.- 94. Orchiopexy for Undescended Testis (Ombredanne Procedure).- 95. Subcapsular Castration.- 96. Right Radical Orchiectomy.- 97. Bilateral Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection.- Epididymal and Spermatic Cord Surgery.- 98. Epididymectomy.- 99. Epididymovasostomy.- 100. Torsion of the Spermatic Cord.- 101. Bilateral Vasovasostomy.- References.- 8 Transurethral Prostatic Resection.- Indications and Contraindications.- Patient Preparation.- Anesthesia.- Instruments and Supplies.- Postoperative Management.- Orientation with the Resectoscope Lens.- Position of the Patient and Preparation of the Operative Field.- Operative Techniques.- 102. Transurethral Resection for Prostatic Hypertrophy.- 103. Cancer of the Prostate.- 104. Hemostasis.- 105. Prostatic Capsular Perforation.- 106. Systemic Complications due to Absorption of Irrigating Fluid.- 107. Overall Results.- 108. Cryoprostatectomy.- References.- 9 Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor.- Pathology.- Patient Evaluation Before Surgery.- Staging of Tumor.- Preparation of the Patient and Anesthesia.- Postoperative Management and Follow-up.- Operative Techniques.- 109. Routine Strategy.- 110. Specific Operative Hints.- 111. Patient Positioning.- Management of Complications.- Operative and Postoperative Bleeding.- Perforation of the Bladder.- Intraperitoneal Perforation.- Damage to the Ureteral Orifice and Subsequent Obstruction.- References.
