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Full Description
Cognitive Psychology covers core content such as perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning and problem solving, and cognitive neuroscience with an emphasis on current methods of study. The text features a student-friendly writing style that introduces students of cognitive psychology to the main topics of study in this field through a description of how cognitive processes have been and continue to be studied by researchers in this key area of psychology.Key features:Introduces cognitive psychology topics in a student-friendly manner Helps students understand the methods that cognitive researchers use to better understand cognitive processes Encourages students to think critically about current theories and research in cognitive psychology
Contents
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorsChapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive PsychologyIntroduction: Cognition and ShoppingWhat Is Cognitive Psychology?Development of cognitive psychologyCurrent approaches to the study of cognitionResearch in Cognitive PsychologyThe scientific methodResearch methodologiesCommonly used measures within cognitive psychologyChapter 2: Cognitive NeuroscienceIntroduction: Knowledge from Cognitive DeficitsClinical Case Studies in Cognitive NeuroscienceStructure of the Nervous SystemThe neuronThe brainMeasures in Cognitive NeuroscienceSingle-cell recordingElectroencephalography (EEG)Magnetoencephalography (MEG)Electrical stimulation/inhibition of neuronsBrain imaging techniquesRecording activity in the living brainCan All Mental Processes Be Explained in Terms of Brain Activity?Chapter 3: PerceptionIntroduction: Perception in Everyday TasksSensory Systems: How Sensations Become PerceptionsApproaches to the Study of PerceptionComputational approachesGestalt approachesPerception/action approachesComparison of Approaches to Perception: Motion PerceptionChapter 4: AttentionIntroduction: How We Pay AttentionViews of AttentionAttention as an information filterAttention as a limited resourceAttention as a feature binderHow Attention Affects Our PerceptionsThe gorilla in the room: Inattentional blindnessIncompatibilities tax attention: The Simon effectEffects of automatic processes on attention: The Stroop taskAutomatic and Controlled Processes: A Cognitive DichotomyChapter 5: Memory Structures and ProcessesIntroduction: The Pervasiveness of MemoryMemory as Structure or ProcessEncoding, storage, and retrievalModal model of memorySensory MemoryShort-Term Memory (STM)Capacity of STMDuration of STMLong-Term Memory (LTM)Types of LTM memoriesThe Working-Memory (WM) SystemBaddeley's modelBeyond Baddeley's modelRetrieval From Long-Term MemoryRecall tasksRecognition tasksComparing recall and recognition tasksImplicit-memory tasksProspective-memory tasksMemory OverviewChapter 6: Long-Term Memory: Influences on RetrievalIntroduction: Superior MemoryWhy We ForgetEncoding EffectsLevels of processingSpacing effectsSerial position curveRetrieval EffectsThe testing effectUsing the testing effectEncoding-Retrieval InteractionsEnvironmental context effectsMood-dependent effectsTransfer-appropriate processingSummary of encoding-retrieval interactionsMnemonicsSuperior Autobiographical MemoryChapter 7: Memory ErrorsIntroduction: The Inaccuracy of MemoryThe Seven "Sins" of MemoryError #1 TransienceError #2 AbsentmindednessError #3 BlockingError #4 Source misattributionError #5 SuggestibilityError #6 BiasError #7 PersistenceSummaryThe Reconstructive Nature of MemoryBartlett's studiesSchemata and scriptsMemory Errors in the LaboratoryThe DRM procedureEyewitness memory studiesApplications of eyewitness memory researchSummary and conclusionsClinical Memory Failures - AmnesiaTypes of amnesiaAmnesia and implicit memoryAmnesia in Alzheimer's DiseaseAmnesia in childhoodChapter 8: ImageryIntroduction: Visual Imagery in Everyday LifeMental Images and CognitionThe Debate on Propositional and Spatial RepresentationsImagery and MemoryThe picture superiority effectThe concreteness effectThe bizarreness effectImagery and mnemonicsThe dark side of imageryImagery in Problem Solving and WayfindingImagery in problem solvingImagery in wayfindingNonvisual ImageryImagery and simulationChapter 9: LanguageIntroduction: A Simple ConversationWhat Is Language?The structure of languageHow Do We Process Language?Language comprehensionLanguage productionDialogue: Production and comprehension togetherAcquiring LanguageTypical language developmentNature or nurture: Mechanisms for learning words and syntaxHuman Language and Animal CommunicationComparing human language to animal communicationAttempts to teach animals human languageChapter 10: Concepts and KnowledgeIntroduction: Game NightWhat Are Concepts?The classical approach: Concepts as definitionsAlternative approaches to conceptsOther alternative approaches to conceptsOrganizing Our ConceptsConceptual hierarchiesBasic-level conceptsOrganizational approachesSummary of conceptual organizationUsing Concepts: Beyond CategorizationCategory inductionStereotypesExpertiseConceptual combinationThe Future of Research and Theory of ConceptsChapter 11: Problem SolvingIntroduction: Problem Solving in Daily LifeRecognizing and Identifying a ProblemDefining and Representing ProblemsFunctional fixednessDeveloping Solutions to Problems: Approaches and StrategiesAssociationist approach: Trial-and-error strategyGestalt approachesProblem solving as problem space searchesSummary of approaches and strategiesAllocating Mental Resources for Solving the ProblemExpertiseExperts versus novicesBecoming a better problem solverChapter 12: Reasoning and Decision MakingIntroduction: A Night at the MoviesDeductive ReasoningSyllogistic reasoningConditional reasoningDeductive-reasoning approachesCombining these approaches: Dual-process framework approachInductive ReasoningTypes of induction reasoningEveryday reasoningMaking DecisionsA general model of decision makingIdeal decision making: A normative modelHeuristics and biasesDescriptive decision-making approachesDual-process frameworkFuture Advances in Theories of Reasoning and Decision MakingGlossaryReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index
