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Full Description
Statistics are just as vital to understanding political science as the study of institutions, but getting students to understand them when teaching a methods course can be a big challenge. Statistics for Political Analysis makes understanding the numbers easy. The only introduction to statistics book written specifically for political science undergraduates, this book explains each statistical concept in plain language—from basic univariate statistics and the basic measures of association to bivariate and multivariate regression—and uses real world political examples. Students learn the relevance of statistics to political science, how to understand and calculate statistics mathematically, and how to obtain them using SPSS. All calculations are modeled step-by-step, giving students needed practice to master the process without making it intimidating. Each chapter concludes with exercises that get students actively applying the steps and building their professional skills through data calculation, analysis, and memo writing.
Contents
1. The Political Use of Numbers: Lies and Statistics
The Power of Numbers
The Science of Politics
Introductory Statistics: An Overview
Removing the Barriers to Understanding How Statistics Works
The Importance of Statistics: This Book's Approach
Using Data to Answer a Question
A Political Application: Indoctrination U.
Your Turn: Using Statistics
Apply It Yourself: Assess Grants to Political Scientists
Key Terms
2. Measurement: Counting the Biggel-Balls
Finding Your Cases
Measure an Attribute
Evaluate the Conceptual and Operational Definitions
Translate Information in Numbers: Coding Your Data
Get a Frequency Distribution
Summarizing the Process: Measurement
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Measurement
Your Turn: Measurement
Apply It Yourself: Measure the Norm for Chief Justice Appointments
Key Terms
3. Measures of Central Tendency: That's Some Mean Baseball
Measures of Central Tendency
Summarizing the Math: Averages
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Averages
Your Turn: Measures of Central Tendency
Apply It Yourself: Calculate the Percent of Earned Income
Key Terms
4. Measures of Dispersion: Missing the Mark
Ranges
Distance from Mean
Summarizing the Math: Dispersion
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Measures of Dispersion
Your Turn: Measures of Dispersion
Apply It Yourself: Evaluate Graduates' Salaries
Key Terms
5. Continuous Probability: So What's Normal Anyway?
The Normal Curve
Z-Scores
Finding a Z-Score
Use Probability to Calculate Z-Scores
Summarizing the Math: Probabilities of Continuous Events
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Continuous Probability
Your Turn: Continuous Probability
Apply It Yourself: Evaluate the Murder Rate
Key Terms
6. Means Testing: Sampling a Population
Type I and Type II Errors
Means Testing
Confidence Intervals: Two-Tailed Distributions
Choose a Sample Size
Summarizing the Math: Sampling a Population
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Means Testing
Your Turn: Means Testing
Apply It Yourself: Assess Maternal Mortality Rate Increases
Key Terms
7. Hypothesis Testing: Examining Relationships
Hypothesis Testing
Summarizing the Math: Hypothesis Testing and ANOVA
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with ANOVA
Your Turn: Hypothesis Testing
Apply It Yourself: Examine Partisanship's Affect on Feelings toward the Democratic Party
Key Terms
8. Describing the Pattern: What Do You See?
Choosing the Appropriate Form of Presentation
Graphs: Relationships and Scales
Visualizing a Relationship: Contingency Tables
Summarizing the Math: Graphs and Contingency Tables
Use SPSS to Answer a Question Using a Contingency Table
Your Turn: Describing the Pattern
Apply It Yourself: Determine Stability across Legislative Systems
Key Terms
9. Chi-Square and Cramer's V: What Do You Expect?
The Probability of Discrete Events
Chi-Square
Cramer's V
Summarizing the Math: Chi-Square and Cramer's V
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Chi-Square and Cramer's V
Your Turn: Chi-Square and Cramer's V
Apply It Yourself: Analyze Data by Type
Key Terms
10. Measures of Association: Making Connections
Basic Principles of Measures of Association
Pearson's R
Gamma
Lambda
Summarizing the Math: Measures of Association
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Measures of Association
Your Turn: Measures of Association
Apply It Yourself: Measure Poor Student Graduation Rates
Key Terms
11. Multivariate Relationships: Taking Control
Spurious Relationships
Interaction Effects
Three-Way Contingency Tables
Summarizing the Process: Setting Up Three-Way Contingency Tables
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with a Three-Way Contingency Table
Your Turn: Multivariate Relationships
Apply It Yourself: Analyze Data on Race for Partisanship and Income
Key Terms
12. Bivariate Regression: Putting Your Ducks in a Line
Graph a Relationship
Fit the Data with the Ordinary Least Squares Estimate of the Line
Find the Statistical Significance
Find the Strength of the Relationship
Use Regressions with Time Series Data
Interpret Regressions with Dichotomous Independent Variables
Summarizing the Math: Regression
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Bivariate Regression
Your Turn: Bivariate Regression
Apply It Yourself: Analyze Influences on Corruption
Key Terms
13. Multiple Regression: The Final Frontier
Using Regression to Control for Other Variables
The Assumptions of Regression
Summarizing the Process: Multiple Regression
Use SPSS to Answer a Question with Multiple Regression
Your Turn: Multiple Regression
Apply It Yourself: Evaluate the Impact of Multiple Factors on the 2012 Presidential Election
Key Terms
14. Understanding the Numbers: Knowing What Counts
Measurement
Univariate Statistics
Multivariate Statistics
Keeping the Numbers Meaningful
Embracing the Uncertainty
Key Terms
Reference Materials
Notes
Glossary
Index
