基本説明
Covers all theories and topics, including restorative justice, gender and comparative issues. Prev. ed.: 2007.
Full Description
Now in its fifth edition, The Penal Systemmost complete, accessible and authoritative resource for your studies in Criminal Justice and Criminology. Fully revised and updated to account for recent changes in the Criminal Justice System, the new edition includes:Expanded material on restorative justiceAn expanded section on gender and the Criminal Justice SystemGreater coverage of comparative issues, focussing especially on ScotlandAn annually updated companion website, keeping you up-to-date with relevant legislation and crucial developmentsAn accessible writing style balanced against a critical and scholarly approachA glossary of key terms that you'll encounter throughout your studiesContinued critical coverage of the deepening penal crisis, including sections on the managerial crisis and the crisis of accountability The Penal System consolidates and builds on the successful formula of the fourth edition, bringing the text in line with the key issues facing the Criminal Justice System today. It will prove essential reading across all undergraduate levels for modules on Criminal Justice and Prisons/Punishment.
Contents
PrefaceCompanion WebsiteIntroductionThe Criminal Justice SystemThe Penal Crisis and Strategies for Criminal JusticeNotes on Terminology: 'Punishment' and 'System'Crisis? What Crisis?Is there a Crisis?The Orthadox Account of the CrisisThe High Prison Population (The Numbers Crisis)OvercrowdingBad ConditionsUnderstaffingStaff Unrest'Toxic Mix' of PrisonersRiots and DisorderCriticisms of the Orthodox AccountImproving on the Orthadox AccountThe Crisis of Penological ResourcesThe Crisis of VisibilityThe Crisis of LegitimacyResponses to the CrisisA Radical Pluralist Account of the CrisisJustifying PunishmentIs Punishment Unjust?ReductivismDeterrenceIncapacitationReformJust Deserts: Retributivism and DenunciationRetributivismDenunciationRestorative JusticeSchools of Penal ThoughtThe Classical School: Deterrence and the TariffBentham and Neo-Classicism: Deterrence and ReformPositivism: The Rehabilitative IdealThe Justice Model: Just Deserts and Due ProcessFrom Just Deserts to the New Punitiveness - and Beyond?Philosophies, Strategies and AttitudesConclusions: Punishment and Human RightsExplaining PunishmentThe Sociology of PunishmentThe Marxist TraditionEconomic Determinism: Rusche and KirchheimerIdeology and Hegemony: The Legacy of GramsciStructuralist Marxism and AlthusserPost-Structuralism, Discipline and Power: Michel FoucaultHumanistic Materialism: The Case of E. P. ThompsomThe Durkheimian TraditionThe Weberian TraditionPluralism and Radical PluralismApplying Penal SociologyThe New Penology and The New PunitivenessComparative Penology and the New PunitivenessSentencing: The Crux of the CrisisThe Crux of the CrisisWho Are the Sentencers?Constraints on the Powers of SentencersJudical Independence and Traditional English SentencingConfining DiscretionChecking Discretion: AppealsStructuring Discretion: Principles and GuidelinesThe Current Legal Framework of SentencingA Brief, Tangled Recent History of Sentencing 1991: From the Strategy of Encouragement to Just Deserts 1992-97: The Law and Order Counter-ReformationNew Labour, Mixed MessagesCoalition False DawnA Rational Approach?Punishment in the CommunityCommunity Punishment in a Rapidly Changing Penal LandscapeNon-Custodial Punishment: the Current Sentencing FrameworkNominal and Warning PenaltiesFinancial PenaltiesCompensatory PenaltiesReparative Penalties and Restorative Justice ApproachesSupervisory Penalties and the Changing Role of the Probation ServiceCommunity Payback (Community Service or Unpaid Work)Surveillance and Restrictions on Movement: Curfews and Electronic Monitoring 'Hybrid Penalties'Community Punishment: Strategic Issues Changing Penal Strategies and their Impact on the Use of Imprisonment and Community Punishment Enforcement of Community Sentences: Sticks or Carrots?'Sentence Management' and the Changing Role of the Judiciary Effectiveness of Community SentencesContestability and PrivatizationShifting Patterns of Penality: Theoretical ReflectionsScull's 'Decarceration' ThesisCohen and Mathiesen: the 'Dispersal of Discipline' ThesisBottoms' 'Juridical Revival' ThesisConclusion: The Future of Punishment?Prisons and the Penal CrisisOverviewThe Aims and Functions of ImprisonmentOfficial Aims of ImprisonmentSocial Functions of ImprisonmentThe Prison SystemThe Prisons and the PrisonersPrivatizationThe Debate Around Prison PrivatizationPrivatization and the Crisis of ResourcesKey Phases in Recent Prison Policy-Making1995-1999: The Security and Control Agenda - Post-Woolf Backlash 1999-2002: 'Decency Agenda' and 'Effectiveness Credo' - The Quest for a Balanced Approach2002-2006: Keeping the Lid On - Pragmatism Reasserts Itself2006-2012: Where do we go From Here?The Prison System and its CrisesThe Managerial CrisisThe Crises of Containment and Security The Prison Numbers Crisis and the Problem of OvercrowdingThe Crisis of ConditionsThe Crises of Control and AuthorityThe Crisis of AccountabilityThe Crisis of Legitimacy and How to Tackle itEarly Release: The Penal System's Safety ValveEarly Release: Useful, Controversial, TroublesomeHistory of Early ReleaseFrom Remission to Automatic Early ReleaseParole (Discretionary Early Release) Early Release TodayFixed-term (Determinate) SentencesExtended Sentences (Extended Determinate Sentences) Life Imprisonment and Imprisonment for Public ProtectionThe Parole Board Conclusion: Early Release EvaluatedThe Youth Justice SystemYoung People, Crime and the Penal CrisisResponding to Youth Crime: Models of Youth JusticeThe Welfare ModelThe Justice ModelMinimum Intervention and Systems ManagementThe Restorative Justice ModelNeo-CorrectionalismNeo-Correctional Youth Justice, 1997 Responding to Youth Crime: the Youth Justice System in OperationConcluding Assessment: No More Excuses?Bias in the Criminal Justice SystemIntroductoryClassRaceGenderSolving the Crisis?A Grim Fairy TaleResponses to the Crisis, 1970-2006From Positivism to Law and Order with Bifurcation: 1970-1987Just Deserts and Punishment in the Community: 1987-1992Law and Order Reinvigorated: 1993-1997'Tough On Crime, Tough On the Causes of Crime': New Labour, 1997-2010Coalition False Dawn: 2010 OnwardsHow to Solve the CrisisApproaches to the Penal CrisisMeasures to Solve the CrisisThe ProspectsGlossary of Key TermsReferencesIndex
