Full Description
The Violence of Hate, Fourth Edition presents a systematic introduction to issues related to the sociology and social psychology of hate and violence as they target people who are different in socially significant ways. It offers an integrated perspective on the causes and consequences of hate-motivated violence and the reasons we have not always been effective in stopping it. Not only do the authors address the experiences of racial, ethnic, and religious groups under attack, but also those who are victimized because of their sexual orientation, gender, gender-identity, age, or disability status. In addition, they include a chapter dedicated solely to the exploration of hate crimes, an evolving legal concept and public policy domain, as well as a chapter in which they suggest approaches that may be effectively applied collectively to the reduction of hate violence. As in earlier versions of The Violence of Hate, Levin and Nolan take the position that support for hate-motivated violence originates not in the ranting and raving of a few bigoted extremists at the margins of society but in the tacit approval of ordinary, even decent, people who are located squarely in the mainstream.Updates to the Fourth Edition:*Chapter 1: New discussions of structural and cultural factors illustrated by the racial conflicts in Ferguson Missouri, New York City, and Baltimore. New presentation of the recent ADL survey indicating degree of bigotry in more than 100 countries. New discussion of how threatening situations inspire increases in hate violence against a range of vulnerable groups.*Chapter 2: New chapter on hate violence around the world involving the experiences of Roma in Europe, sexual orientation and gender identity violence, and anti-Semitic and anti-Islamic violence in European countries. Includes discussions of violent responses to anti-Mohammed cartoons in Europe and North America, sectarian violence in Northern Ireland and the Middle East, and police versus the black community in the United States.*Chapter 3: Updated discussion of issues related to reporting hate incidents and collecting hate crime data. Expanded presentation of hate crime laws at the federal and state levels. New discussions of the problems associated with policing hate and the role of social media in spreading hate.*Chapter 4: New section on mass murder in the name of hate, including the Sikh Temple massacre outside of Milwaukee, the Charleston Black Church massacre, Baumhammer's killing spree targeting immigrants, Jews, and non-whites in the Pittsburgh area, Taylor's killing spree targeting whites, and black church burnings in the 1990s and 2015. New discussion of thrill hate crimes against the homeless, people with disabilities, and gays.Features: *Uses a single conceptual framework to explore racism in American society, and the historical occurrence of anti-Semitism, with special emphasis on Nazi Germany.*The experiences of other groups, such as Armenians massacred in 1915 and gay students victimized by violence, are also examined to provide a broad comparative perspective.*Shows the economic and psychological benefits of hate, making it an expected, even rational, behavior. *Examines the evolution of hate crime legislation in the United States and the impact of this legislation on the institutions of law and criminal justice. *Shows how prejudice and hate can be addressed locally, but have an impact globally. *The final chapter argues that respect for differences requires rebellious and even deviant behavior.
Contents
1. Perspectives on Hate and ViolenceHate, Prejudice, and DiscriminationTransforming the TermsPrejudice versus DiscriminationThe Role of the Individual Justifying Hate Violence The Influence of Significant OthersFrom Individual to Institutional Discrimination Constructing Group Identity Who Controls an Individual's Group Identity?Changing Group Identity The Privilege of White Identity When Stereotypes Turn NastyIs Hate on the Decline?Underestimating Bigotry Unconscious Bias The Difference Between Small and Insignificant Hate Crimes are Vastly Under-ReportedIt Takes Only a Few Bad ApplesConclusion2. Explaining the Violence of Hate Environment, Heredity, and the Power of the Situation The Environmental View-Blaming the Victim The Hereditary View-Blaming the Victim A Situationist View of Hate Violence Threatening Situations Can Inspire Hate Hate Crimes Against Muslims Hate Crimes Against Immigrants The New Anti-Semitism A Continuing Racial Gap The Obama Factor Bashing Gays and Lesbians Hate Crimes Against Women Conclusion 3. Hate Crimes Motive Matters The Hate Crime Statistics Act The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program NIBRS Hate Crime Data Why Now? Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Laws Hate Crime Laws Today Federal Civil Rights Statutes The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act State Hate Crime Statutes Hate Crime Laws and the U.S. Constitution Policing Hatred When the Police Are Viewed as Perpetrators of Hate Violence When the Police Are Viewed as Victims of Hate Violence Explaining Bias in Policing Bourdieu's Theory of Practice: A Sociological Perspective on Police Violence The Traffic Enforcement Analogy: A Sociological Explanation Policing Hate Crimes Seeing Hate Crimes Intension and Extension of the Term "Hate Crime" Classification of Hate Crime Incidents Why Is This Distinction Important? Hate Crimes in Europe The Roma in Europe Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Violence Conclusion 4. A Typology of Hate Hatemongers The Role of Organized Hate Hate from a Distance Biblical Bigotry The Militia Movement and White Supremacy Expanding the Influence of Organized Hate Mass Murder in the Name of Hate Dabblers Getting a Thrill Being Defensive Getting Even Sympathizers Behind Closed Doors An Eliminationist Anti-Semitism Cultural Hate Culture Transcends Generations Spectators The Failure to Act Middleman Minorities Middleman Minorities in the United States The American Version of Spectatorship Conclusion 5. The Benefits of Bigotry Protest by Proxy Psychological Advantages Enhancing and Protecting Self-Esteem Reducing Uncertainty Economic and Status Advantages Getting the Dirty Work Done Eliminating Opponents Maintaining Political Power Conclusion 6. The Production of Rebels, Deviants, and Other Decent People The Power of the Situation When Normal People Do Abnormally Nasty Things Fighting Spectatorship Intergroup Contact The Impact of Competition Reducing Hostility Between Groups Structuring Opportunities for Cooperation Follow the Leader Obeying Orders The Role of Leadership The Impact of Deviance When Rebels Rebel The Importance of Empathy Across Groups Human Agency: The Ability to Create "Good" Situations The Agentic Perspective Collective Efficacy in Neighborhoods Neighborhood Agency and Collective Efficacy Conclusion Appendix A. Anti-Hate Websites Appendix B. Division E-Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
