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The uprisings of 2011 have radically altered the political, economic, and social landscapes of the Middle East and North Africa. A clearer view of the recent past now provides greater perspectives on the causes and the consequences of these events. This collection of essays challenges the common tendency of applying the dominant frame of "Arab Spring" to explain contemporary politics of the Middle East. Numerous debates about the utility of the "Arab Spring" metaphor already exist, contesting such issues as its foreign origins or its temporal and optimistic implications. It further has the negative and significant side effect of implying a singularity to these events in a manner that often defies the varied conditions on the ground. This is why the term "Arab Uprisings" is used here as the organizing frame to address numerous socio-cultural, economic, political, experiential, and communicative aspects of the uprisings.
This text is organized around three themes: origins, experiences, and trajectories. The first section addresses catalyzing factors that help explain the emergence of the uprisings from various political, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The second section examines the functions and responses of diverse people, institutions, and ideologies during the initial years of the uprisings. It includes an in-depth case study on women's changing political situation in the catalyzing country of Tunisia, as well as discussions about the roles of political Islam, new mass media, and social networks in these rapidly changing contexts. The third section discusses cross-national implications and the multitude of repercussion the uprisings are having on the global system.
Using an interdisciplinary approach with contrasting theoretical and methodological orientations, the global experts who contributed the chapters explore various theoretical approaches, juxtaposing them with comparative surveys and in-depth case studies. They show that after the initial euphoria (or dread) that surrounded the uprisings, a transitional and transformative period in the Middle East has come that requires thorough observation and analysis.
Contents
Foreword: The Long View of the Arab Uprisings
Rami Khouri
Chapter 1: Introduction: Broadening Conversations on the Arab Uprisings
Fahed Al-Sumait, Nele Lenze, and Michael Hudson
PART I: CATALYSTS
Chapter 2: Transition to What? Reflections on the Arab Uprisings
Michael Hudson
Chapter 3: The Arab Revolts: Local, Regional, and Global Catalysts and Consequences
Mark Farha
Chapter 4: The Political and Socio-Economic Origins of the Arab Uprisings: A Trinomial Probability Analysis
Peter Tikuisis and Anton Minkov
Chapter 5: Dissident Tunisia: Culture and Revolt
Nouri Gana
PART II: DYNAMICS
Chapter 6: Reassessing the Recent History of Political Islam in Light of the Arab Uprisings
James L. Gelvin
Chapter 7: Protest Mobilization in the Age of Twitter
Silvana Toska
Chapter 8: Free? Not So Fast! The Fourth Estate Flourishes and Falters With the Arab Uprisings
Adel Iskandar
Chapter 9: The Arab Uprisings in Tunisia: Parity, Elections, and the Struggle for Women's Rights
Lilia Labidi
PART III: TRAJECTORIES
Chapter 10: The Arab Uprisings: Alignments and the Regional Power Balance
Raymond Hinnebusch
Chapter 11: Turkey's Ordeal of Democratic Consolidation: A Possible Model for the Arab Uprisings?
Ergun Özbudun
Chapter 12: Democratic Contagion versus Authoritarian Resilience: Jordan's Prospects for Change
Lars Berger
Chapter 13: Remaking the People: The Arab Uprisings and Democratization
Larbi Sadiki
